- Flashcards
- Mr. Kubal was in his office looking at amoeba cells under the microscope. He noticed that the amoeba began moving around. How can Mr. Kubal determine if the amoeba under the microscope are living organism
Mr Kubal can determine if the amoeba under the microscope are living organisms by seeing if they produce waster (CO2), reproduce (mitosis), use food for energy (food is often bacterial cell or phagocytosis)
- What are the characteristics that all living organisms share in common?
Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism (using food for energy)
Response to stimuli
- List as many different places that we find single celled organisms?
Pond water
Yogurt
Milk
Digestive system (stomach, small intestine, mouth)
- Trace the pathway of food from the mouth to the anus. Explain (in detail) function of each organ involved in food digestion. Review the 2-D model of the digestive system.
First, the food passes through the teeth, which start the mechanical digestion, and tear and grind. Next, the food moves to the tongue, which is also part of mechanical digestion, and moves food along in the mouth so that different types of teeth can break it down. The food will then pass through the salivary glands, which start chemical digestion and help release energy from the food with chemicals and such. Then, the food passes through the epiglottis, which opens to allow food down the esophagus- which is part of mechanical digestion, connects the throat to the stomach, and helps push the food down to the stomach. The stomach then pushes and churns the food in both chemical and mechanical digestion. The food will then go down to the liver, which helps purify blood for waste and helps digest food. After this, food meets the gallbladder which stores bile and breaks up large fat molecules. Next, the food leads into the pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes which include amylase, trypsin, and lipase- these all break down things like fat and protein and such. Next, the doos goes to the small intestine, which absorbs the food into the body, continues on to the large intestine, which absorbs water and unusable parts of food, then the rectum, which stores and compacts waste, and lastly leads to the anus, which eliminates waste.
- Explain why living organisms (like human beings) have a digestive system.
Living organisms, like us, have a digestive system so we can process food by using chemical and mechanical digestion to create waste and energy or building materials. These energy and building materials from the digestive system then allow us to grow, reproduce, and respond to stimuli.
- Explain the vital role that the circulatory system plays in food digestion.
The vital role that the circulatory system plays in food digestion is mainly that it delivers the energy and building materials taken from the food during the process of food digestion, and transfers it to cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Food and oxygen travel to different cells from the capillaries located on the outside of the villi of the small intestine and the alveoli. Plasma in the red blood cells carry food and water, while red blood cells carry oxygen.
- Explain the vital role that diffusion plays while the digestive system is absorbing food molecules.
Diffusion plays a vital role when the digestive system is absorbing food molecules due to how food wouldn’t go into the villi- which would mean they wouldn’t be transported around the body by the circulatory system, and cells wouldn’t get the energy and building materials to grow and reproduce.
- What is a physical change? Explain and provide examples
A physical change is a change that changes the physical form (shape) of a object similar to foodstuff. For example, food can be broken down into smaller pieces due to teeth and stomach The arrangement of molecules that made the foodstuff do not get rearranged. A physical change can be reversed
What organs in the digestive system use mechanical digestion while food is being broken down into energy and building materials. Provide examples:
The teeth (grind and cut up food), and the muscular lining of stomach wall (squeezes food into small pieces).
- What is a chemical change? Explain and provide examples
A chemical change is a change when atoms rearrange in a molecule form. For example, food is broken down chemically by saliva from the salivary glands. The arrangement of the molecules that make up foodstuff get rearranged. A chemical change cannot be reversed. Signs of one include gasses being produced, bubbling, and fizzing or popping sounds.
What organs in the digestive system use chemical digestion while food is being broken down into energy and building materials. Provide examples:
The stomach (uses acid and pepsin, create chyme)), salivary glands (amylase), digestive enzymes!
- What is the relationship between oxygen and food? Explain in detail
Oxygen combined with food is used in the chemical reaction (inside of all cells in the human body) that releases energy. Oxygen is used to break down glucose in the body in order to release energy stored in the glucose.
- Explain how each of the following scenarios is a chemical reaction. A.The change in the taste of the cracker from salty to sweet was evidence of a chemical reaction:
The amylase in the saliva chemically breaks down food in the mouth. The result of this chemical digestion is a change in the taste of the cracker from salty to sweet. This is a sign that the chemical reaction has occurred inside of the mouth.
- Explain how each of the following scenarios is a chemical reaction. B. Breaking down of egg white by the pepsin and HCl (Hydrochloric acid):
Pepsin and HCI are digestive enzymes found in the stomach. The egg whites change from a solid to a liquid state when they come into contact with the pepsin and HCI. In addition, the molecular arrangement of the egg whites change and it cannot be reversed.
- Explain how each of the following scenarios is a chemical reaction. C.The yeast in the sugar water produces CO2 gas.
This was evidence of a chemical reaction when the yeast was using the sugar for food. CO2 was a waste product given off by the yeast as this organism used the sugar for energy and building materials while it reproduced.
- Which test tube demonstrates that yeast is a living organism?
Claim: Test tube four demonstrates that the yeast is an living organism.
Evidence: The test tube showed living function. The yeast showed an example of using the sugar and such as food and oxygen to create energy, while also letting out CO2 as waste. Not only this, but a chemical reaction occurred by mixing substances, as bubbling was seen after twenty-four hours!
- Why is there a difference in the amount of CO2 gas produced in test tube 3 compared to
test tube 4?
Claim: There is a difference due to how the yeast in test tube three didn’t have a food source, or glucose.
Evidence: After twenty-four hours, no CO2 was left in the balloon, and no more bubbling or signs of a chemical reaction were shown to us.
- Mr. Jensik went out for a run. After 20 minutes of running, he was hot and sweaty.
What is the best biological explanation for this?
Explain: The best biological explanation for this is that his body needed to burn food molecules in a fast manner to get energy to run! Mr. Jensik perspiring shows that waste (sweat and water) is being produced due to his body using food for energy- as stated above.
- Which type(s) of activities require you to use energy?
Running
Walking
Swimming
Test-taking or taking a test
- Food is processed into energy/building materials and waste (in the small intestine). Where does the usable food in the digestive system eventually end up?
Claim: The usable food in the digestive system eventually ends up in cells, tissues, organs, and organ system in the body.
Evidence: After chemical and mechanical digestion, food moves from the villi in the small intestine to the capillaries. Food is then transported to many different cells by the circulatory system, and ends up in the red blood cells and such where they combine with oxygen to produce energy.
- What is an open system system? An open system is a system that has external interactions. Such interactions can take the form of information, energy, or material transfers into or out of the system boundary, depending on the discipline which defines the concept.
Is the human body is an open system because you need to take in air and food for the body to function? Explain:
the human body is an open system because you need to take these things (oxygen and food) from outside the body into for the body and its subsystems to function properly.
- If cells are living, what are the characteristics of living things?
Characteristics of living things are often that they perform functions and such- as mentioned before, these functions are growth, reproduction, and using food for energy.
- What is a system? Define and provide a detailed example that explains how the human body is a system.
Definition of a system:
A system is anything that is made up of subsystems that connect and interact with each other.
How does the human body meet the definition of a system:
The body is a system that is made up of many subsystems called organ systems (digestive system and such). These subsystems are broke down into smaller subsystems as well called organs, which can then be broken down into tissue, which can then be broken down into cells. All the calls that are similar in shape and function work together to make tissue, which once again make up organs specific to the organ system. For example, the circulatory and digestive system work together. The digestive system mechanically and chemically breaks down food into a usable form of food (sugar), and waste. The sugar in the small intestine then passes through the villi (osmosis) in order for the circulatory system to transport food to all cells in each organ system in order for them to function together properly. Everything connects and works together in each organ system in order to maintain homeostasis to make and let the human body function correctly.
