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Question 1

What other particle is also emitted during beta-plus decay

Answer 1

An electron neutrino

Question 2

What changes occur to the nucleus during beta-minus decay

Answer 2

A neutron changes into a proton

Question 3

What is required to block beta radiation?

Answer 3

A few millimetres of aluminium

Question 4

What type of nuclear radiation is not deflected by a magnetic field?

Answer 4

Gamma

Question 5

What is required to block alpha radiation?

Answer 5

A thin sheet of paper/skin

Question 6

What changes occur to the nucleus during beta plus decay?

Answer 6

A proton changes into a neutron

Question 7

What happens to the values of A and Z during beta-plus decay?

Answer 7

A remains the same, Z decreases by 1

Question 8

What did J.J. Thompson discover in 1897?

Answer 8

Electrons

Question 9

What happens to the values of A and Z during beta-minus decay?

Answer 9

A remains the same, Z increases by 1

Question 10

What is the range of gamma radiation in air?

Answer 10

Unlimited

Question 11

What experiment led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom?

Answer 11

Rutherfords alpha scattering experiment?

Question 12

What is the relationship between the intensity of gamma radiation and distance from the source?

Answer 12

Inverse square law

Question 13

What is an alpha particle the same as?

Answer 13

A helium nucleus

Question 14

In a cloud chamber, many straight tracks are produced, all with a length of 4cm. Which type of radiation is observed?

Answer 14

Alpha radiation- all emitted alpha particles have the same kinetic energy.

Question 15

What happens to the values of A and Z during alpha decay?

Answer 15

A decreases by 4, Z decreases by 2

Question 16

What other particle is emitted during beta minus decay?

Answer 16

An electron antineutrino

Question 17

What changes occur to the nucleus during alpha decay?

Answer 17

The nucleus loses tow neutrons and two protons

Question 18

In a cloud chamber, wispy, curled tracks are produced. Which type of radiation is observed?

Answer 18

Beta radiation

Question 19

Describe the plum pudding model of the atom

Answer 19

Negatively charged electrons embedded in a cloud of positive matter.

Question 20

What is required to block gamma radiation?

Answer 20

A few centimetres of lead or a few meters of concrete.

Question 21

Why is ionising radiation harmful?

Answer 21

It can destroy cell membranes and damage DNA

Question 22

What particles make up an alpha particle?

Answer 22

Two protons, two neutrons

Question 23

What is a beta plus particle?

Answer 23

A fast moving positron produced in and emitted from the nucleus

Question 24

State three human caused sources of background radiation.

Answer 24

Medical, buildings, food, nuclear weapons, air travel, nuclear power

Question 25

What is a gamma ray?

Answer 25

A high energy electromagnetic wave (or photon)

Question 26

How do you carry out a corrected count rate (in seconds)

Answer 26

Measure the number of counts detected with the source in place in a certain period of time, then take away the number of counts detected when the source is not present in the same time. Divide the answer by the time.

Question 27

What changes occur to the nucleus during gamma decay?

Answer 27

The nucleus loses energy

Question 28

Describe the nuclear model of the atom

Answer 28

A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Question 29

What is the range of alpha radiation in air?

Answer 29

A few centimetres

Question 30

What is a beta minus particle?

Answer 30

A fast moving electron produced in and emitted from the nucleus

Question 31

Which type of nuclear radiation is deflected most by a magnetic field?

Answer 31

Beta

Question 32

What happens to the values of A and Z during gamma decay

Answer 32

No change

Question 33

State 3 natural sources of background radiation

Answer 33

Radon gas, rocks, cosmic rays

Question 34

What is the range of beta radiation in air?

Answer 34

Up to around a metre (depending on initial kinetic energy)

Question 35

what is binding energy?

Answer 35

It is the energy required to separate an atomic nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons.

Question 36

what is nuclear fission?

Answer 36

It is when a nucleus splits into two or more smaller parts, releasing energy.

Question 37

what is a thermal neutron

Answer 37

It is a slow moving neutron or low kinetic energy neutron. They are in thermal equilibrium with the moderator.