. Flashcards
What are the seven nutrients called?
Carbohydrates, fibre, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and water.
Do all foods contain all nutrients?
No, foods don’t contain all nutrients. Foods contain different amounts of nutrients.
What is needed for a balanced diet
All the nutrients with the correct amounts.
What does carbohydrates supply us with?
Energy
What are the two main types?
Sugars- fast releasing energy
Starches- slow releasing energy
What is fibre also?
Is also carbohydrate but no able to be digested
What does fibre help with?
Helps with our digestive system by adding bulk to our food and aiding its movement along our digestive tract.
What does protein help with?
Protein helps us grow and help us to repair body tissues.
What does fats provide us with?
Provides us with energy that can be stored.
What does fats provide us with
Fats help to provide insulation.
What do vitamins and minerals help prevent?
Prevents certain diseases.
What is water needed for?
Is needed for chemical reactions and helps transport materials around our body.
When does malnutrition occur?
Occurs when the diet does not supply us with the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients.
What is a deficiency disease caused by?
Is caused by a lack of a particular nutrient in the diet.
What are the missing symptoms for the deficiency diseases?
Diseases: scurvy, kwashiorkor, anaemia, rickets.
What is night blindness caused by?
Caused by vitamin A deficiency.
How can food be tested to determine different nutrients they contain?
Samples of food can be tested.
What does it mean if the food is solid? (eg. Apple)
It must be ground up in water and then filtered to make a solution for testing.
What is used for the test of starch?
Iodine solution.
How do u find the presence of starch?
Red brown to blue black.
What is used to test for reducing sugars?
Benedict’s solution.
What is done during the Benedict’s solution during the test?
It must be heated
What’s the presence of reducing sugars? (Benedict’s solution)
Blue to orange.
What is used to test for protein?
Biuret’s solution
What is the presence for biurets solution?
Blue to violet.
What are complex carbohydrates (like starch) are made up of?
Many small units called sugar molecules. (glucose)
What are proteins made up of?
Many units called amino acids.
What are fats made up of?
Subunits called fatty acids and glycerol.
What do humans use to chew food and what happens in your mouth?
Humans use their teeth to chew food mechanically breaking the large pieces down to smaller ones.
Are all teeth the same?
No all teeth has its own use.
What are the definitions of canines, incisors, pre molars and molars.
Canines: for ripping and tearing.
Incisors: for slicing and cutting.
Pre molars and molars: for crushing and grinding.
What is the process of digestion?
Process which large insoluble molecules are broken down chemically into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream.
What is the digestive system made up of?
The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth and the anus.
What is the function of the muscle layers of the stomach?
The muscles contract and relax in order to churn the food.
What the purpose of churning to food in stomach?
It mixes the food with the digestive juices.
After digestion what happens to the products?
The products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream through to wall of the small intestine.
What is the structure of the small intestine?
Very long, inner wall is highly folded into villi presenting a large surface area for absorption.
What vessels do the small intestine have And what is its purpose?
Many blood vessels soo that the products from digestion can pass and be taken around the body to all the cells
What does the large intestine absorb?
It absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material.
What is the unwanted waste material?
Faeces.
What does digestive juice contain?
It contains enzymes.
What are enzymes?
Special protein molecules in our cells that help to speed up chemical reactions.
Do different enzyme help speed up the breakdown of digestion?
Yes it speeds up the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
