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CPH UNIT 10 > . > Flashcards

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1
Q

NICD

A

National Institute for Communicable Diseases

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2
Q

NICD provides reference for

A

Microbiology
Virology
Epidemiology
Surveillance
Public Health Research

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3
Q

Communicable diseases are caused by

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Toxins

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4
Q

Occurs when there is physical contact between the infected person and the susceptible host

A

Direct contact

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5
Q

Occurs when there is no direct human-to-human contact

A

Indirect contact

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6
Q

Infectious diseases are often spread through

A

Direct contact

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7
Q

Occurs when a person toucher or exchanges body fluids with another person

A

Person-to-person contact

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8
Q

Occurs when a pregnant women may pass diseases to an unborn baby. Usually from infected foods and infection from vagina

A

Mother-to-Unborn child

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9
Q

Can spread diseases through coughing or sneezing

A

Droplet spread

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10
Q

This type of transmission requires close proximity

A

Droplet spread

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11
Q

Diseases from simply breathing

A

Airborne transmission

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12
Q

Example of Diseases that can travel through air

A

Common colds/influenza
Tuberculosis
Measles
Mumps
Chickenpox
Pertussis

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13
Q

Diseases from objects

A

Contaminated objects

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14
Q

Infectious diseases from food and water

A

Food and Drinking water

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15
Q

Infectious diseases from an animal

A

Animal-to-person contact

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16
Q

Diseases caused by zoonotic infectious agents

A

Insect bites/Vector-borne disease

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17
Q

Examples of vector-borne disease

A

Malaria
Tick-bite fever
West Nile virus
Yellow fever

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18
Q

Communicable diseases prevention

A

Wash your hands often
Keep immunizations for yourself, your family, and your pets up to date
Use antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor
Practice safe sex
Use insect or mosquito repellents

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19
Q

Since when has been Malaria present in the Philippines

A

Pre-Spanish era (before 1565)

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20
Q

____, ____, ____ were endemic to ___. They were brought to Philippines shore by ____

Date

A

The Spanish era (1565-1898)

Malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis

Southern China

Chinese traders

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21
Q

In ____, ____ became the first epidemic in the history of the Philippines. It spread to provinces as far as ___, ____, and ____ and killed over ______ Filipinos by the ____

A

1574
Bolotong
Cagayan, Samar, Leyte
30,000
1760s

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22
Q

It was believed to be the probable source of an epidemic that soon spread to Manila and its neighboring provinces

A

A vessel from China traveling to the Ilocos region in 1789

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23
Q

Introduction of smallpox vaccine to the Philippines

A

April 15, 1805

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24
Q

When the US mandated smallpox vaccine in the Philippines in ___, about _____ shots were given to Filipinos. An estimated ____ Filipinos came down with the disease after the vaccination, and ___ died from it

A

1917
25 million
163,000
75,339

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25
Q

The ___ epidemic of 1902-1905 claimed ____ lives including ____ children

A

Cholera
200,222
66,000

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26
Q

_% of the population was decimated in the worst epidemic in the Philippine history

A

3% (cholera)

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27
Q

Top cause of mortality in the Philippines 2020-2021

A

Ischemic heart diseases

28
Q

CD are illnesses that results from

A

Infection
Presence and growth of pathogenic biologic agents

29
Q

Disease-causing agents

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Protozoa
Multicellular parasites
Aberrant proteins known as prions

30
Q

Main types of CDs

A

Influenza
Chickenpox
HIV/AIDS
Tuberculosis
Dengue
Malaria

31
Q

General signs and symptoms

A

Fever
Coughing
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Muscle aches

32
Q

Communicable by or causing infection

A

Infectious

33
Q

Infectious diseases are caused by

A

Microscopic germs

34
Q

A disease is __ when it spreads through direct, bodily contact with an infected person, their discharges, or an object or surface they’ve contaminate

A

Contagious

35
Q

Bacteria or viruses that are most commonly transmitted through small respiratory droplets

A

Airborne diseases

36
Q

___ and ___ may cause flooding which, in turn can potentially increase the transmission of ____

A

Typhoons and heavy rains
Waterborne diseases

37
Q

Different waterborne diseases

A

Typhoid
Cholera
Leptospirosis
Hepatitis A

38
Q

An infectious disease which is also known as enteric fever

A

Typhoid fever

39
Q

It is the causative agent of Typhoid

A

Salmonella typhi

40
Q

It includes high- and low-grade fever for several days, headache, weakness, loss of appetite, either diarrhea or constipation, and abdominal discomfort

A

Typhoid fever

41
Q

Caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae

A

Cholera

42
Q

Incubation period of Cholera

A

Less than 1-5 days

43
Q

The infection causes a profuse, painless, watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not promptly given

A

Cholera

44
Q

A healthy individual may die within ____ if not treated

A

within 2-3 hours

45
Q

Bacterial infection caused by rats through urine and feces

A

Leptospirosis

46
Q

It can contaminate the soul, water and vegetation

A

Leptospirosis

47
Q

Causative agent of leptospirosis

A

Leptospira spirochetes bacteria

48
Q

Incubation period of leptospirosis

A

7-10 days

49
Q

One of the oldest diseases known to humankind

A

Hepatitis A

50
Q

Symptoms usually include fever, flu-like symptoms such as weakness, muscle and joint aches, loss of appetite and dizziness

A

Hepatitis A

51
Q

Arises when people eat foods that contain infectious microbes or microbes that produce toxins

A

Foodborne Infections

52
Q

Among foodborne infections, ___ and ___ are the leading causes of hospitalizations

A

Norovirus
Salmonella

53
Q

An illness transmitted to human beings through food and water , caused by either an infectious agent or a poisonous substance

A

Foodborne illness

54
Q

Commonly known as food poisoning

A

Foodborne illness

55
Q

Foodborne infections

A

Campylobacter
E.coli
Norovirus
Listeria
Clostridium perfringens
Salmonella

56
Q

Raw and undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water

A

Campylobacter

57
Q

Undercooked ground beef, raw cookie dough, raw fruits and vegetables, contaminated water

A

E.coli

58
Q

Raw foods, salads, sandwiches

A

Norovirus

59
Q

Unpasteurized milk, fresh soft cheeses,
Hot dog, luncheon meats

A

Listeria

60
Q

Food intoxications

A

Botulism
Staphylococcus food poisoning
Toxoplasma

61
Q

Basic model to study health problems

A

Epidemiological Triangle

62
Q

3 factors of Epidemiological triangle model

A

Host, environment, agent

63
Q

Prevent disease by

A

Was your hands
Get vaccinated
Stay home when ill
Practice safe sex
Don’t share personal items
Travel wisely

64
Q

Lb tests

A

Blood test
Urine test
Throat swab
Stool sample

65
Q

Imaging scans

A

X-ray
CT scan
MRi

66
Q

Biopsies

A

Lung biopsy

67
Q

Treatment of CDs

A

Antibiotics
Antiviral
Anti-parasitics
Antifungals

CPH UNIT 10 (1 decks)

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