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1
Q

4 most common NCD

A

Cardiovascular dxs
Diabetes
Respiratory dxs
Cancers

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2
Q

NCDs increased because of

A

Population aging
Urbanization
Globalization
Changes in lifestyle

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3
Q

Prescription to prevent and control NCDs

A

Healthy public policy and healthy lifestyle

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4
Q

A medical condition that is noninfectious and non transmissible

A

Noncommunicable diseases

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5
Q

NCDs are referred to as __ due to their long duration and are the result of a combination of ___, ___, ___, and ___ factors

A

“Chronic diseases”
Genetic, Physiological, Environmental, Behavioral

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6
Q

Number of deaths caused by NCDs globally and its breakdown

A

41m (74% of deaths)
17.9m-cardiovascular dxs
9.3m-cancers
4.1m-respiratory das
2m-diabetes including kidney dxs caused by diabetes

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7
Q

How many people die from NCD before age 70

A

17 million

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8
Q

Where does these premature deaths occur

A

86% on low and middle-income countries

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9
Q

Of all NCD deaths _% are in low and middle-income countries

A

77%

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10
Q

The four common NCDs account for over _% of all premature NCD deaths

A

80%

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11
Q

These factors increases risk of dying from an NCD

A

Tobacco use
Physical inactivity
Harmful use of alcohol
Unhealthy diets

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12
Q

Key components of the response to NCDs

A

Detection, screening and treatment, palliative care

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13
Q

Percentage of deaths in the Philippines caused by NCDs

A

68%

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14
Q

Probability of dying between ages 30-70 years old from one of the four main NCDs

A

29%

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15
Q

How much is the economic cost of NCDs to the Philippine economy which is equivalent to __% of the country’s annual gross domestic product

A

756.5 billion pesos
4.8%

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16
Q

Hidden costs of NCDs are ___ times higher than direct costs

A

9

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17
Q

Most common causes of Cardio and cerebro dxs

A

Atherosclerosis and hypertension

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18
Q

Uncontrolled hypertension and atherosclerosis can lead to

A

Stroke, heart attack, kidney damage, host complications

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19
Q

<120/80 mmHg

A

Normal BP

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20
Q

120-129/<80 mmHg

A

Elevated

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21
Q

130-139/80-89 mmHg

A

High Blood Pressure stage 1

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22
Q

> =140/>=90 mmHg

A

High Blood Pressure stage 2

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23
Q

> 180/>120 mmHg

A

Hypertensive

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24
Q

A group of various diseases involving unregulated cell growth

A

Cancer or malignant neoplasm

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25
The cells divide, growing uncontrollably forming ___
Malignant tumors
26
Substances that cause cells to undergo genetic mutations are called
Carcinogens
27
breast cancer case in 2020
2.26m
28
Lung cancer case 2020
2.21m
29
Colon and rectum case 2020
1.93m
30
Prostate case 2020
1.41m
31
Skin (non-melanoma) case 2020
1.20m
32
Stomach case 2020
1.09m
33
Lung cancer death 2020
1.80m
34
Colon and rectum death 2020
916,000
35
Liver cancer deaths 2020
830,000
36
Stomach cancer deaths 2020
769,000
37
Breast cancer deaths 2020
685,000
38
Leading causes of cancer deaths in high-income countries
Lung (men) Breast (women)
39
In sub-Saharan Africa
Cervical cancer deaths (women)
40
In low- and middle-income countries, cancer levels may vary according to the
Prevailing underlying risks
41
Infections that can cause cancer
Hepa B, hepa C (liver cancer) human papillomavirus (cervical cancer) Helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer)
42
WHO 5 pillars approach to cancer
Prevention Early detection Screening Treatment Palliative care
43
A radioactive gas produced from the natural decay of uranium which can accumulate in buildings
Radon
44
They classify substances to show whether they are suspected to cause cancer or not
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
45
Sufficient evidence in humans. Causal relationship established
Group 1-Carcinogenic to humans
46
Smoking, exposure to radiation, alcoholic beverages, processed meats
Group 1-Carcinogenic to humans
47
Limited evidence in humans. Sufficient evidence in animals
Group 2A-Probably carcinogenic to humans
48
Emissions from high temperature Frying Steroids Exposures working in hairdressing Red meat
Group 2A-Probably carcinogenic to humans
49
Limited evidence in humans. Insufficient evidence in animals
Group 2B-Possibly carcinogenic to humans
50
Coffee, gasoline & gasoline engine exhaust, welding fumes, pickled vegetables
Group 2B-Possibly carcinogenic to humans
51
Inadequate evidence in humans. Inadequate evidence in animals
Group 3-Carcinogenicity not classifiable
52
Tea, static magnetic fields, fluorescent lighting, polyethylene
Group 3-Carcinogenicity not classifiable
53
Evidence suggests no carcinogenicity in humans/animals
Group 4-Probably not carcinogenic
54
Caprolactam
Group 4-Probably not carcinogenic
55
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
56
Dxs in the lungs in which the airways narrow over time
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
57
COPD includes:
Chronic bronchitis Chronic asthma Emphysema
58
_% of deaths worldwide are due to chronic respiratory diseases
7%
59
Strong risk factor of COPD
Smoking
60
Refers to destruction of the tiny air sacs at the end of the airways in the lungs
Emphysema
61
Refers to a chronic cough with the production of phlegm resulting from inflammation in the airways
Chronic bronchitis
62
The number of people with diabetes rose from ___ in ____ to ____ in ____
108m 1980 422m 2014
63
Long term consequences of diabetes
Heart dxs Kidney dxs Blindness Neural damage
64
Increased thirst
Polydipsia
65
Increased hunger
Polyphagia
66
Symptoms of diabetes
Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Wight loss Vision changes Fatigue
67
Causes blindness; dxs of retina
Retinopathy
68
Key determinant of energy expenditure
Physical activity
69
Risk of CVD increases by ___ times for non compliance of the minimum recommendations for PA
1.5 times
70
Primary risk factor for development of NCDs
Cigarette smoking
71
Cigarette smoking causes
Lung cancer Cancer in the mouth Pharynx Larynx Esophagus
72
Major risk factor responsible for the global increase of CVD, cancer, diabetes, and obesity worldwide
Obesogenic
73
TAG
Triacylglycerols
74
Alcohol may cause
Malabsorption Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract Liver problems Cancer
75
It is associated with colon and rectal cancer
Excessive alcohol drinking
76
Viruses and the cancer they cause
HPV (cervical and vulvar cancer) Epstein-Barr virus (nasopharyngeal and anal cancer) HTLV-1 (non-Hodgkin Lymphoma) HBV and HCV (liver cancer) Oncoviruses (viruses capable of causing cancer)
77
Most common STI
Human papillomavirus
78
Member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses
Epstein-Barr virus or EBV
79
Retrovirus which causes a chronic life long infection in humans
Human T-lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
80
2 most common forms of radiation
UV and ionizing radiation
81
This radiation adversely affects the genes and the cell enzymes causing DNA
Ultraviolet
82
This radiation causes tissue and cell damage by breaking the DNA molecule
Ionizing radiation
83
It is the primary source of UV radiation and the major source of skin cancer worldwide
Solar radiation
84
EO No. 958
National Healthy Lifestyle Advocacy Campaign
85
RA No. 1054
Free emergency medical and dental treatment for employees
86
RA No. 9211
Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003
87
RA No. 6425
Penalties for Violations of the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972
88
RA No. 9165
Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002
89
RA No. 8423
Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997
90
AO No. 179 s. 2004
Guidelines for the implementation of the National Prevention of Blindness Program
91
Department Personnel Order No. 2005-0547
Creation of a Program Management Committee for the National Prevention of Blindness Program
92
Proclamation No. 40
Declaring the month of August every year as “Slight Saving Month”
93
RA No. 7277
Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
94
RA No. 10352
An act restructuring the Excise Tax on Alcohol and Tobacco
95
Used in manufacture of synthetic fibers
Caprolactam
96
diagnostic device that measures the amount of air you're able to breathe in and out
Spirometer (spirometry)
97
Regulate cholesterol levels
Blood lipid control
98
Physical activity contributes to
Wight loss Glycemic control Improves blood pressure and lipid profile Insulin sensitivity
99
Damages the lining of the blood vessels and reduces HDL cholesterol and oxygen in the blood
Cigarette smoking
100
Prevention of NCDs
Promote physical activity and exercise Promote healthy diet and nutrition Promote a smoke-free environment Stress management

CPH Unit 9 (1 decks)

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