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CPH Unit 9 > .. > Flashcards

.. Flashcards

1
Q

4 most common NCD

A

Cardiovascular dxs
Diabetes
Respiratory dxs
Cancers

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2
Q

NCDs increased because of

A

Population aging
Urbanization
Globalization
Changes in lifestyle

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3
Q

Prescription to prevent and control NCDs

A

Healthy public policy and healthy lifestyle

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4
Q

A medical condition that is noninfectious and non transmissible

A

Noncommunicable diseases

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5
Q

NCDs are referred to as __ due to their long duration and are the result of a combination of ___, ___, ___, and ___ factors

A

“Chronic diseases”
Genetic, Physiological, Environmental, Behavioral

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6
Q

Number of deaths caused by NCDs globally and its breakdown

A

41m (74% of deaths)
17.9m-cardiovascular dxs
9.3m-cancers
4.1m-respiratory das
2m-diabetes including kidney dxs caused by diabetes

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7
Q

How many people die from NCD before age 70

A

17 million

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8
Q

Where does these premature deaths occur

A

86% on low and middle-income countries

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9
Q

Of all NCD deaths _% are in low and middle-income countries

A

77%

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10
Q

The four common NCDs account for over _% of all premature NCD deaths

A

80%

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11
Q

These factors increases risk of dying from an NCD

A

Tobacco use
Physical inactivity
Harmful use of alcohol
Unhealthy diets

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12
Q

Key components of the response to NCDs

A

Detection, screening and treatment, palliative care

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13
Q

Percentage of deaths in the Philippines caused by NCDs

A

68%

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14
Q

Probability of dying between ages 30-70 years old from one of the four main NCDs

A

29%

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15
Q

How much is the economic cost of NCDs to the Philippine economy which is equivalent to __% of the country’s annual gross domestic product

A

756.5 billion pesos
4.8%

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16
Q

Hidden costs of NCDs are ___ times higher than direct costs

A

9

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17
Q

Most common causes of Cardio and cerebro dxs

A

Atherosclerosis and hypertension

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18
Q

Uncontrolled hypertension and atherosclerosis can lead to

A

Stroke, heart attack, kidney damage, host complications

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19
Q

<120/80 mmHg

A

Normal BP

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20
Q

120-129/<80 mmHg

A

Elevated

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21
Q

130-139/80-89 mmHg

A

High Blood Pressure stage 1

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22
Q

> =140/>=90 mmHg

A

High Blood Pressure stage 2

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23
Q

> 180/>120 mmHg

A

Hypertensive

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24
Q

A group of various diseases involving unregulated cell growth

A

Cancer or malignant neoplasm

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25
Q

The cells divide, growing uncontrollably forming ___

A

Malignant tumors

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26
Q

Substances that cause cells to undergo genetic mutations are called

A

Carcinogens

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27
Q

breast cancer case in 2020

A

2.26m

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28
Q

Lung cancer case 2020

A

2.21m

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29
Q

Colon and rectum case 2020

A

1.93m

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30
Q

Prostate case 2020

A

1.41m

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31
Q

Skin (non-melanoma) case 2020

A

1.20m

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32
Q

Stomach case 2020

A

1.09m

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33
Q

Lung cancer death 2020

A

1.80m

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34
Q

Colon and rectum death 2020

A

916,000

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35
Q

Liver cancer deaths 2020

A

830,000

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36
Q

Stomach cancer deaths 2020

A

769,000

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37
Q

Breast cancer deaths 2020

A

685,000

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38
Q

Leading causes of cancer deaths in high-income countries

A

Lung (men)
Breast (women)

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39
Q

In sub-Saharan Africa

A

Cervical cancer deaths (women)

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40
Q

In low- and middle-income countries, cancer levels may vary according to the

A

Prevailing underlying risks

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41
Q

Infections that can cause cancer

A

Hepa B, hepa C (liver cancer)
human papillomavirus (cervical cancer)
Helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer)

42
Q

WHO 5 pillars approach to cancer

A

Prevention
Early detection
Screening
Treatment
Palliative care

43
Q

A radioactive gas produced from the natural decay of uranium which can accumulate in buildings

A

Radon

44
Q

They classify substances to show whether they are suspected to cause cancer or not

A

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

45
Q

Sufficient evidence in humans. Causal relationship established

A

Group 1-Carcinogenic to humans

46
Q

Smoking, exposure to radiation, alcoholic beverages, processed meats

A

Group 1-Carcinogenic to humans

47
Q

Limited evidence in humans. Sufficient evidence in animals

A

Group 2A-Probably carcinogenic to humans

48
Q

Emissions from high temperature
Frying
Steroids
Exposures working in hairdressing
Red meat

A

Group 2A-Probably carcinogenic to humans

49
Q

Limited evidence in humans. Insufficient evidence in animals

A

Group 2B-Possibly carcinogenic to humans

50
Q

Coffee, gasoline & gasoline engine exhaust, welding fumes, pickled vegetables

A

Group 2B-Possibly carcinogenic to humans

51
Q

Inadequate evidence in humans. Inadequate evidence in animals

A

Group 3-Carcinogenicity not classifiable

52
Q

Tea, static magnetic fields, fluorescent lighting, polyethylene

A

Group 3-Carcinogenicity not classifiable

53
Q

Evidence suggests no carcinogenicity in humans/animals

A

Group 4-Probably not carcinogenic

54
Q

Caprolactam

A

Group 4-Probably not carcinogenic

55
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

56
Q

Dxs in the lungs in which the airways narrow over time

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

57
Q

COPD includes:

A

Chronic bronchitis
Chronic asthma
Emphysema

58
Q

_% of deaths worldwide are due to chronic respiratory diseases

A

7%

59
Q

Strong risk factor of COPD

A

Smoking

60
Q

Refers to destruction of the tiny air sacs at the end of the airways in the lungs

A

Emphysema

61
Q

Refers to a chronic cough with the production of phlegm resulting from inflammation in the airways

A

Chronic bronchitis

62
Q

The number of people with diabetes rose from ___ in ____ to ____ in ____

A

108m 1980
422m 2014

63
Q

Long term consequences of diabetes

A

Heart dxs
Kidney dxs
Blindness
Neural damage

64
Q

Increased thirst

A

Polydipsia

65
Q

Increased hunger

A

Polyphagia

66
Q

Symptoms of diabetes

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Wight loss
Vision changes
Fatigue

67
Q

Causes blindness; dxs of retina

A

Retinopathy

68
Q

Key determinant of energy expenditure

A

Physical activity

69
Q

Risk of CVD increases by ___ times for non compliance of the minimum recommendations for PA

A

1.5 times

70
Q

Primary risk factor for development of NCDs

A

Cigarette smoking

71
Q

Cigarette smoking causes

A

Lung cancer
Cancer in the mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Esophagus

72
Q

Major risk factor responsible for the global increase of CVD, cancer, diabetes, and obesity worldwide

A

Obesogenic

73
Q

TAG

A

Triacylglycerols

74
Q

Alcohol may cause

A

Malabsorption
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract
Liver problems
Cancer

75
Q

It is associated with colon and rectal cancer

A

Excessive alcohol drinking

76
Q

Viruses and the cancer they cause

A

HPV (cervical and vulvar cancer)
Epstein-Barr virus (nasopharyngeal and anal cancer)
HTLV-1 (non-Hodgkin Lymphoma)
HBV and HCV (liver cancer)
Oncoviruses (viruses capable of causing cancer)

77
Q

Most common STI

A

Human papillomavirus

78
Q

Member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses

A

Epstein-Barr virus or EBV

79
Q

Retrovirus which causes a chronic life long infection in humans

A

Human T-lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1)

80
Q

2 most common forms of radiation

A

UV and ionizing radiation

81
Q

This radiation adversely affects the genes and the cell enzymes causing DNA

A

Ultraviolet

82
Q

This radiation causes tissue and cell damage by breaking the DNA molecule

A

Ionizing radiation

83
Q

It is the primary source of UV radiation and the major source of skin cancer worldwide

A

Solar radiation

84
Q

EO No. 958

A

National Healthy Lifestyle Advocacy Campaign

85
Q

RA No. 1054

A

Free emergency medical and dental treatment for employees

86
Q

RA No. 9211

A

Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003

87
Q

RA No. 6425

A

Penalties for Violations of the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972

88
Q

RA No. 9165

A

Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002

89
Q

RA No. 8423

A

Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997

90
Q

AO No. 179 s. 2004

A

Guidelines for the implementation of the National Prevention of Blindness Program

91
Q

Department Personnel Order No. 2005-0547

A

Creation of a Program Management Committee for the National Prevention of Blindness Program

92
Q

Proclamation No. 40

A

Declaring the month of August every year as “Slight Saving Month”

93
Q

RA No. 7277

A

Magna Carta for Disabled Persons

94
Q

RA No. 10352

A

An act restructuring the Excise Tax on Alcohol and Tobacco

95
Q

Used in manufacture of synthetic fibers

A

Caprolactam

96
Q

diagnostic device that measures the amount of air you’re able to breathe in and out

A

Spirometer (spirometry)

97
Q

Regulate cholesterol levels

A

Blood lipid control

98
Q

Physical activity contributes to

A

Wight loss
Glycemic control
Improves blood pressure and lipid profile
Insulin sensitivity

99
Q

Damages the lining of the blood vessels and reduces HDL cholesterol and oxygen in the blood

A

Cigarette smoking

100
Q

Prevention of NCDs

A

Promote physical activity and exercise
Promote healthy diet and nutrition
Promote a smoke-free environment
Stress management

CPH Unit 9 (1 decks)

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