. Flashcards
Merely=simply=only mere
1.used when you want to emphasize how small, unimportant, etc. somebody/something is
2.used when you are saying that the fact that a particular thing is present in a situation is enough to have an influence on that situation
His mere presence (= just the fact that he was there) made her feel afraid.
The mere fact that they were prepared to talk was encouraging.
The mere thought of eating made him feel sick.
The merest (= the slightest) hint of smoke is enough to make her feel ill.
chỉ là,đơn thuần,chỉ cần là đã
roughly
1.approximately but not exactly
Sales are up by roughly 10 per cent.
We live roughly halfway between here and the coast.
They all left at roughly the same time.
Roughly speaking, we receive about fifty letters a week on the subject.
2.using force or not being careful and gentle
He pushed her roughly out of the way.
‘What do you want?’ she demanded roughly.
apparent
1.easy to see or understand
SYNONYM obvious
Their devotion was apparent.
Then, for no apparent reason, the train suddenly stopped.
apparent from something that… It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.
apparent to somebody that… It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn’t sing.
apparent that… It’s readily apparent that she has a gift for this kind of writing.
apparent from something No damage was apparent from a brain scan.
apparent to somebody The consequences of our actions are not immediately apparent to us.
2.that seems to be real or true but may not be
SYNONYM seeming
My parents were concerned at my apparent lack of enthusiasm for school.
Their affluence is more apparent than real (= they are not as rich as they seem to be).
There is an apparent contradiction between these two approaches.
apparently
1.https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/apparently?q=apparently#:~:text=according%20to%20what,taken%20by%20surprise.
seemingly
1.in a way that appears to be true but may in fact not be
a seemingly stupid question
a seemingly endless journey
It was a seemingly impossible task.
2.(formal) according to what you have read or heard
SYNONYM apparently
Seemingly, he borrowed the money from the bank.
They were seemingly having an affair.
incidentally /ˌɪnsɪˈdentli/
1.used to introduce a new topic, or some extra information, or a question that you have just thought of
SYNONYM by the way
Incidentally, have you heard the news about Sue?
2.n a way that was not planned but that is connected with something else
The information was only discovered incidentally.
incidental(n)
1.something that happens in connection with something else, but is less important
You’ll need money for incidentals such as tips and taxis.
incidental(adj)
1. (to something) happening in connection with something else, but not as important as it, or not intended
The discovery was incidental to their main research.
incidental music (= music used with a play or a film to give atmosphere)
You may be able to get help with incidental expenses (= small costs that you have in connection with something).
nhân thế,tiện thể
whatever=whatsoever
1.no, nothing, none, etc. whatever not at all; not of any kind
They received no help whatever.
‘Is there any doubt about it?’ ‘None whatsoever.’
2.(informal) used to say that it does not matter what somebody does, or what happens, because the result will be the same
We told him we’d back him whatever.
Determiner,adverb
1.any or every; anything or everything
Take whatever action is needed.
Do whatever you like.
2.used when you are saying that it does not matter what somebody does or what happens, because the result will be the same
Whatever decision he made I would support it.
You have our support, whatever you decide.
3.(especially British English) used in questions to express surprise or lack of understanding
Whatever do you mean?
Chocolate-flavoured carrots! Whatever next?
4.(informal, ironic) used as a reply to tell somebody that you do not care what happens or that you are not interested in what they are talking about
‘You should try a herbal remedy.’ ‘Yeah, whatever.’
5.(informal) used to say that you do not mind what you do, have, etc. and that anything is acceptable
‘What would you like to do today?’ ‘Whatever.’
*or whatever
(informal) or something of a similar type
It’s the same in any situation: in a prison, hospital or whatever.
*whatever you do
used to warn somebody not to do something under any circumstances
Don’t tell Paul, whatever you do!
*whatever you say
(informal) used to agree to somebody’s suggestion because you do not want to argue
anyway
1.used when adding something to support an idea or argument
SYNONYM besides
It’s too expensive and anyway the colour doesn’t suit you.
We’re not perfect, but it doesn’t really matter anyway.
It’s too late now, anyway.
2.despite something; even so
It’s going to happen anyway, so we won’t object to it.
I’m afraid we can’t come, but thanks for the invitation anyway.
She told them what would happen and they went ahead anyway.
Development money often goes to companies that would have come here anyway.
The water was cold but I took a shower anyway.
3.used when changing the subject of a conversation, ending the conversation or returning to a subject
So, anyway, back to what I was saying.
Anyway, I’d better go now—I’ll see you tomorrow.
Anyway, let’s forget about that for the moment.
4.used to correct or slightly change what you have said
I think she’s right. I hope so, anyway.
She works in a bank. She did when I last saw her, anyway.
forward (adv)
1.towards a place or position that is in front
She leaned forward and kissed him on the cheek.
He took two steps forwards.
They ran forward to welcome her.
The procession slowly moved forward.
Turn your wrists so that your palms face forward.
He stands by the fire, rocking backward and forward.
2.towards the future; ahead in time
Looking forward, we hope to expand our operations in several of our overseas branches.
The next scene takes the story forwards five years.
The series moves back and forward through time.
(old use) from this day forward
3. towards a good result
We consider this agreement to be an important step forward.
Cutting our costs is the only way forward.
We are not getting any further forward with the discussion.
The project will go forward (= continue) as planned.
The 21st century has seen trade between the two countries leap forward.
4.earlier; sooner
It was decided to bring the meeting forward two weeks.
*backward(s) and forward(s)
from one place or position to another and back again many times
She rocked backwards and forwards on her chair.
The film skips backwards and forwards through time.
*going/moving forward
(formal or business) in the future, starting from now
We have a very solid financial position going forward.
The strategy going forward is still undecided.
Moving forward, we need to have a real plan.
*put your best foot forward
to make a great effort to do something, especially if it is difficult or you are feeling tired
forward(n)
1.(formal) to send or pass goods or information to somebody
forward something to somebody We will be forwarding our new catalogue to you next week.
forward somebody something We will be forwarding you our new catalogue next week.
I’m forwarding you this email that I had from Jeff.
forward something to forward a request/complaint/proposal
2.to send a letter, etc. received at the address a person used to live at to their new address
SYNONYM send on
forward something (to somebody) Could you forward any mail to us in New York?
forward (something) I put ‘please forward’ on the envelope.
3.forward something (formal) to help to improve or develop something
SYNONYM further
He saw the assignment as a way to forward his career.
She uses various devices to forward the plot.
They have done a great deal to forward the cause of world peace.
forward(adj)
1.[only before noun] directed or moving towards the front
The door opened, blocking his forward movement.
a forward pass (= in a sports game)
2.relating to the future
the forward movement of history
A little forward planning at the outset can save you a lot of expense.
The plans are still no further forward than they were last month.
3.behaving towards somebody in a manner that is too confident or too informal
I hope you don’t think I’m being too forward.
forward-looking /ˈfɔːwəd lʊkɪŋ/=forward-thinking /ˌfɔːwəd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/
1.planning for the future; willing to consider modern ideas and methods
a forward-looking company
We need someone dynamic and forward-looking.
backwảrd
1.towards a place or position that is behind
I lost my balance and fell backwards.
He took a step backwards.
I stumbled backwards and fell.
2.in the opposite direction to the usual one
‘Ambulance’ is written backwards so you can read it in the mirror.
In the movie they take a journey backwards through time.
‘Evil’ spelled backwards is ‘live’.
I felt as though time had stopped and clocks had gone backwards.
3.towards a worse state
I felt that going to live with my parents would be a step backwards.
*know somebody/something backwards
(especially British English, informal) to know somebody/something extremely well
She must know the play backwards by now.
backward(adj)
1.[only before noun] directed or moving towards the back
She strode past him without a backward glance.
2.moving in a direction that means that no progress is being made
SYNONYM retrograde
She felt that going back to live in her home town would be a backward step.
3.having made less progress than normal; developing slowly
a backward part of the country, with no paved roads and no electricity
(British English, informal) She’s not backward in coming forward (= she’s not shy).
through
1.from one end or side of something to the other
Put the coffee in the filter and let the water run through.
The tyre’s flat—the nail has gone right through.
The onlookers stood aside to let the paramedics through.
2.from the beginning to the end of a thing or period of time
Don’t tell me how it ends—I haven’t read it all the way through yet.
I expect I’ll struggle through until payday.
3.past a barrier, stage or test
The lights were red but he drove straight through.
Our team is through to (= has reached) the semi-finals.
4.travelling through a place without stopping or without people having to get off one train and onto another
‘Did you stop in Oxford on the way?’ ‘No, we drove straight through.’
This train goes straight through to York.
5.connected by phone
Ask to be put through to me personally.
I tried to call you but I couldn’t get through.
used after an adjective to mean ‘completely’
We got wet through.
*through and through
completely; in every way
He’s British through and through.
ADJ
1.through traffic travels from one side of a place to the other without stopping
2.a through train takes you to the final place you want to get to and you do not have to get off and get on another train
3.a through road or route is open at both ends and allows traffic to travel from one end to the other
The village lies on a busy through road.
No through road (= the road is closed at one end).
4. through (with something/somebody) (especially North American English) used to show that you have finished using something or have ended a relationship with somebody
Are you through with that newspaper?
Todd and I are through.
throughtout
1.in or into every part of something
They export their products to markets throughout the world.
The house was painted white throughout.
2.during the whole period of time of something
The museum is open daily throughout the year.
The ceremony lasted two hours and we had to stand throughout.
whereby /weəˈbaɪ/
1.by which; because of which
They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.
practically
1.almost; very nearly
SYNONYM virtually
The theatre was practically empty.
I meet famous people practically every day.
My essay is practically finished now.
With that crack in it, the vase is worth practically nothing.
There’s practically no difference between the two options.
2.in a realistic or sensible way; in real situations
Practically speaking, we can’t afford it.
It sounds like a good idea, but I don’t think it will work practically.
Hardly, scarcely and barely can all be used to say that something is only just true or possible. They are used with words like any and anyone, with adjectives and verbs, and are often placed between can, could, have, be, etc. and the main part of the verb:
They have sold scarcely any copies of the book.
I barely recognized her.
His words were barely audible.
I can hardly believe it.
I hardly can believe it. incorrect
Hardly, scarcely and barely are negative words and should not be used with not or other negatives:
I can’t hardly believe it. incorrect
You can also use hardly, scarcely and barely to say that one thing happens immediately after another:
We had hardly/scarcely/barely sat down at the table, when the doorbell rang.
In formal, written English, especially in a literary style, these words can be placed at the beginning of the sentence and then the subject and verb are turned around:
Hardly/Scarcely had we sat down at the table, when the doorbell rang.
Note that you usually use when in these sentences, not than. You can also use before:
I scarcely had time to ring the bell before the door opened.
No sooner can be used in the same way, but is always used with than:
No sooner had we sat down at the table than the doorbell rang.
Hardly and scarcely can be used to mean ‘almost never’, but barely is not used in this way:
She hardly (ever) sees her parents these days.
She barely sees her parents these days. incorrect
all
1. completely
She was dressed all in white.
He lives all alone.
The coffee went all over my skirt.
2.(informal) very
She was all excited.
Now don’t get all upset about it.
3.all too… used to show that something is more than you would like
I’m all too aware of the problems.
The end of the trip came all too soon.
*all along
all the time; from the beginning
I realized it was in my pocket all along.
*all around
(North American English)
(British English all round)
in every way; in all respects
a good performance all around
for each person
She bought drinks all around.
*all the better, harder, more, etc.
so much better, harder, etc.
We’ll have to work all the harder with two people off sick.
Her difficult childhood makes her achievements all the more remarkable.
*all but
almost
The party was all but over when we arrived.
It was all but impossible to read his writing.
everything or everyone except something/somebody
All but one of the plates were damaged.
*all in
physically tired
SYNONYM exhausted
At the end of the race he felt all in.
(British English) including everything
The trip cost £750 all in.
*all of something
(often ironic) used to emphasize an amount, a size, etc. usually when it is very small
It must be all of 100 metres to the car!
*all over
everywhere
We looked all over for the ring.
(informal) what you would expect of the person mentioned
That sounds like my sister all over.
*all round
(British English)
(North American English all around)
in every way; in all respects
a good performance all round
for each person
She bought drinks all round.
*all there
(informal) having a healthy mind; thinking clearly
He behaves very oddly at times—I don’t think he’s quite all there.
*be all about somebody/something
used to say what the most important aspect of something is
It’s all about money these days.
*be all for something/for doing something
(informal) to believe strongly that something should be done
They’re all for saving money where they can.
*be all over somebody
(informal, often disapproving) to show a lot of interest in or enthusiasm for somebody
He was all over her at the party.
*be all that
(US English, informal) to be very attractive or impressive
He thinks he’s all that.
