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PNLE > 🥹 > Flashcards

🥹 Flashcards

1
Q

the formal, systematic process used to understand, analyze, and evaluate decisions regarding matters of right and wrong as they apply to well-being

A

ethics

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2
Q

specific beliefs or actions whose outcomes are often examined utilizing the principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, double effect, and distributive justice

A

morality

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3
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

self actualization
esteem and self-respect
belonginess and affection
safety and security
physiologic needs

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4
Q

self determination

A

autonomy

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5
Q

duty to perform acts that can be of benefit others

A

beneficence

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6
Q

taking positive action to prevent patients from harming themselves or others

A

beneficence

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7
Q

duty to not inflict harm

A

nonmaleficence

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8
Q

principle that may morally justify some actions that produce both good and evil effects

A

double effect

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9
Q

an external appliance that provides support, prevents or corrects joint deformities, and improves function

A

orthosis

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10
Q

a device used to replace a body part

A

prosthesis

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11
Q

alternately contracting and relaxing a muscle while keeping the part in a fixed position; performed by the patient

A

isometric exercise

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12
Q

a hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of cortisol and other hormones by the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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13
Q

a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that constricts blood vessels, elevates blood pressure, and reduces the excretion of urine

A

antidiuretic hormone

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14
Q

any of the group of amines (epi, nor epi) that serves a neurotransmitters

A

catecholamines

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15
Q

the group of steroid hormones, such as cortisol, that are produced by the adrenal cortex

A

corticosteroids

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16
Q

bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size, shape, or arrangement from other cells of the same tissue type

A

dysplasia

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17
Q

inadequate supply of oxygen to the cell

A

hypoxia

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18
Q

progressive dementia, memory failure, personality disturbance, loss of intellectual functioning associated with cerebral cortical atrophy, beta-amyloid plaque formation, and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles

A

alzheimers disease

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19
Q

slowly progressive behavioral changes, language disturbance and/or extrapyramidal signs, rigidity, bradykinesia, and saccadic eye movements

A

parkinsons disease

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20
Q

widespread degenerative brain change with progressive motor loss; both voluntary disability and involuntary disability, cognitive decline, chorea (involuntary movements) at later stage, psychiatric disturbances

A

huntington disease

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21
Q

elevated cholesterol and triglycerides associated with premature coronary disease and peripheral vascular disease

A

hyperlipidemia

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22
Q

small airway and alveolar wall destruction; emphysema, especially at base; COPD

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

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23
Q

decreased ability to hear high-pitched tones that naturally begins in midlife as a result of irreversible inner ear changes

A

presbycusis

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24
Q

decrease in visual accommodation that occurs with advancing age

A

presbyopia

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25
Q

a medication that competes with agonists for opioid receptor binding sites; can displace agonists, thereby inhibiting their action

A

antagonist

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26
Q

category of pain that arises from bone joint, muscle, skin, or connective tissue

A

somatic pain

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27
Q

category of pain that arises from visceral organs, such as the GI tract and pancreas

A

visceral pain

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28
Q

concentration

A

osmolality

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29
Q

dilution

A

osmolarity

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30
Q

distended jugular veins: FVE or FVD

A

FVE

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31
Q

signs and symptoms of hyponatremia

A

anorexia, nausea and vomiting, headache, lethargy, dizziness, confusion, muscle cramps and weakness, muscular twitching, seizures, PAPILLEDEMA, dry skin, INCREASED PULSE, DECREASED BP, weight gain, edema

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32
Q

signs and symptoms of hypernatremia

A

thirst, INCREASED TEMPERATURE, swollen dry tongue and sticky mucous membranes, hallucinations, lethargy, restlessness, irritability, simple partial or tonic-clonic seizures, pulmonary edema, hyperreflexia, twitching, nausea, vomiting, anorexi, INCREASED PULSE, INCREASED BP

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33
Q

ECG of hypokalemia

A

flattened T waves, prominent U waves, ST depression, prolonged PR interval

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34
Q

ECG of hyperkalemia

A

tall tented T waves, prolonged PR interval and QRS duration, absent P waves, ST depression

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35
Q

inflammation of vein

A

phlebitis

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36
Q

unintentional administration of a nonvesicant solution or medication into surrounding tissue

A

infiltration

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37
Q

characterized by edema around the insertion site, leakage of IV fluid, discomfort and coolness in the area, decrease in flow rate

A

infiltration

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38
Q

with an inadvertent administration of vesicant or irritant solution or medication into the surrounding tissue

A

extravasation

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39
Q

presence of a clot plus inflammation in the vein

A

thrombophlebitis

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40
Q

it is evidenced by localized pain, redness, warmth, and swelling around the insertion site or along the path of the vein, immobility of the extremity because of discomfort and swelling, sluggish flow rate, fever, malaise, and leukocytosis

A

thrombophlebitis

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41
Q

improves contractility, increase stroke volume, increase cardiac output

A

inotropic agents

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42
Q

inotropic agents

A

dobutamine
dopamine
epinephrine
milrinone

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43
Q

disadvantage of inotropic agents

A

increases oxygen demands of the heart

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44
Q

reduce preload and afterload, reduce oxygen demand of heart

A

vasodilators

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45
Q

vasodilators

A

nitroglycerin
nitroprusside

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46
Q

disadvantage of vasodilators

A

cause hypotension

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47
Q

increases blood pressure by vasoconstriction

A

vasopressor

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48
Q

vasopressors

A

norepinephrine
dopamine
phenylephrine
vasopressin
epinephrine
angiotensin II

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49
Q

disadvantage of vasopressors

A

increase afterload, thereby increasing cardiac workload; compromise perfusion to skin, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract

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50
Q

hair loss

A

alopecia

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51
Q

normal cell mechanism of programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

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52
Q

delivery of radiation therapy through internal implants placed inside or adjacent to the tumor

A

brachytherapy

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53
Q

the use of medications to kill tumor cells by interfering with cellular functions and reproduction

A

chemotherapy

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54
Q

from the patient (transplant)

A

autologous

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55
Q

from an identical twin (transplant)

A

syngeneic

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56
Q

partial or complete separation of wound edges

A

dehiscence

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57
Q

protrusion of organs through the surgical incision

A

evisceration

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58
Q

temporary cessation of breathing

A

apnea

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59
Q

expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract

A

hemoptysis

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60
Q

decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood

A

hypoxemia

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61
Q

deep, low-pitched snoring sound associated with partial airway obstruction, heard on chest auscultation

A

rhonchi

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62
Q

continuous, high-pitched, musical sound heard on inspiration, best heard over the neck; may be heard without use of stethoscope, secondary to upper airway obstruction

A

stridor

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63
Q

continuous musical sounds associated with airway narrowing or partial obstruction

A

wheezes

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64
Q

stiffness of the neck or inability to bend the neck

A

nuchal rigidity

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65
Q

composition of the board

A

1 chairperson
6 members

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66
Q

qualification of the board
*have at least __ years of ___
*provided that the last __ years of which shall be in the ___

A

10 years
experience
5 years
Philippines

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67
Q

qualification of the board
*the membership to the board shall represent the three areas of nursing, namely:

A

nursing education
nursing service
community health nursing

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68
Q

re-issuance of revoked certificates and replacement of lost certificates
*the board may, after the expiration of a maximum of __ years

A

four (4)

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69
Q

requirement for inactive nurses returning to practice
*nurses who have not actively practiced the profession for __ consecutive years
*are required to undergo __ month of didactic training and
*__ months of practicum

A

5
1
3

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70
Q

prohibitions in the practice of nursing
*a fine of not less than __ nor more than __ or imprisonment of not less than __ year nor more than __, or both, upon the discretion of the court

A

50,000
100,000
1 year
6 years

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71
Q

MDG acronym

A

PEGCMHEG

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72
Q

MDGs

A
  1. poverty
  2. education
  3. gender equality and women
  4. child mortality
  5. maternal health
  6. HIV/AIDS
  7. environment
  8. global partnership
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73
Q

roles and functions of PHN

A

leadership in health
enabler and capacity builder
administrator of specific services

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74
Q

standard procedures performed during clinic visits

A

registration/admission
waiting time
triaging
clinical evaluation
laboratory and diagnostics
referral system
prescription/dispensing
health education

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75
Q

five stages of organizing

A

community analysis
design and initiation
implementation
program maintenance
dissemination

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76
Q

steps in outbreak investigation

A
  1. prepare for field work
  2. establish the existence of an outbreak
  3. verify diagnosis
  4. define and identify cases
  5. perform descriptive epidemiology
  6. developing hypotheses
  7. evaluate hypotheses
  8. refine hypotheses and execute additional studies
  9. implement control and prevention measures
  10. communicate findings
  11. follow-up recommendations
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77
Q

function of epidemiologic nurse

A

a. implement public health surveillance
b. monitor local health personnel conducting disease surveillance
c. conduct and/or assist other health personnel in outbreak investigation
d. assist in the conduct of rapid surveys and surveillance during disasters
e. assist in the conduct of surveys, program evaluations, and other epidemiologic studies
f. assist in the conduct of training course in epidemiology
g. assist the epidemiologist in preparing the annual report and financial plan
h. responsible for inventory and maintenance of epidemiology and surveillance unit equipment

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78
Q

shows peaks, valleys and seasonal trends

A

line or curved graphs

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79
Q

represents or expresses a quantity in terms of rates or percentages of a particular observation like causes of illness and deaths

A

bar graphs

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80
Q

shows the relative importance of parts to the whole

A

pie charts/area diagram

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81
Q

the fundamental building block or foundation of the Field Health Service Information System

A

treatment record

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82
Q

four purposes of Target/Client Lists

A
  1. to plan and carry out patient care and service delivery
  2. to facilitate the monitoring and supervision for services
  3. to report services delivered
  4. to provide a clinic-level data base which can be accessed for further studies
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83
Q

prenatal visits

A

1st visit - asap
2nd visit - 2nd trimester
3rd visit - 3rd trimester
every 2 weeks starting at the 8th month

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84
Q

do not give __ BEFORE the __ of pregnancy

A

vitamin A/retinol
4th month

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85
Q

stages of labor
cervix is dilated 0-3 cm

A

first stage

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86
Q

stages of labor
contractions are weak, less than 2 to 10 minutes

A

first stage

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86
Q

stages of labor
cervix is dilated 4cm or more

A

first stage

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86
Q

stages of labor
cervix dilated 10 cm or bulging thin perineum and head visible

A

second stage

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86
Q

stages of labor
between birth of the baby and delivery of the placenta

A

third stage

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87
Q

refers to the burden currently affecting person with mental disorders and is measured in terms of prevalence and other indicators such as the quality of life indicators and disability adjusted life years

A

defined burden

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88
Q

portion of the burden relating to the impact o mental health problems to persons other than the individuals directly affected

A

undefined burden

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89
Q

mental illness refers to the stigma and violations of human rights

A

hidden burden

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89
Q

hansen’s disease AKA

A

leprosy

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90
Q

leprosy AKA

A

hansen’s disease

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90
Q

leprosy early or late
change in skin color

A

early

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91
Q

loss of eyebrows AKA

A

madarosis

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92
Q

leprosy late signs and symptoms

A

loss of eyebrows
inability to close eyelids
clawing of fingers and toes
contractures
sinking of the nose-bridge
enlargement of the breast in males
chronic ulcers

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93
Q

inability to close eyelids AKA

A

lagophthalmos

94
Q

medications for leprosy

A

rifampicin
dapsone
clofazimine
minocycline

94
Q

causative agent of schistosomiasis in the Philippines

A

schistosoma japonicum

95
Q

signs and symptoms of schistosomiasis

A

diarrhea
bloody stools
enlargement of abdomen
spleenomegaly
weakness
anemia
inflamed liver

96
Q

causative agent of filariasis

A

wuchereria bancrofti

97
Q

vector of filariasis

A

aedes poecilius

98
Q

filariasis incubation period

A

8-16 months

99
Q

filariasis acute stage

A

lymphadenitis
lymphangitis

100
Q

inflammation of lymph nodes AKA

A

lymphadenitis

101
Q

inflammation of lymph vessels

A

lymphangitis

102
Q

filariasis chronic stage

A

hydrocoele
lymphedema
elephantiasis

103
Q

swelling of the scrotum AKA

A

hydrocoele

104
Q

temporary swelling of the upper and lower extremities AKA

A

lymphedema

105
Q

enlargement and thickening of the skin of the lower and/upper extremities, scrotum, breast AKA

A

elephantiasis

106
Q

laboratory examination for filariasis

A

nocturnal blood examination

107
Q

nocturnal blood examination - blood are taken from the patient at the patient’s residence or in the hospital after __

108
Q

rapid assessment method for filariasis

A

immunochromatographic test

109
Q

DOC for filariasis

A

diethylcarbamazine or hetrazan

110
Q

operated on by ligation and stripping of the lymphatics of the pedicle of the affected kidney while hydroceles can be managed by inversion or resection of the tunica vaginalis

111
Q

causative agent of malaria

A

plasmodium falciparum
plasmodium vivax
plasmodium ovale
plasmodium malariae

112
Q

deadliest CA of malaria

A

plasmodium falciparum

113
Q

what does p. falciparum affect

A

old and new RBCs

114
Q

what does p. vivax and ovale affect

A

new RBCs (relapse)

115
Q

what does p. malariae affect

116
Q

3 stages of malaria

A

cold stage
hot stage
sweat stage

117
Q

cold stage

A

shivering for 15-60 minutes

118
Q

hot stage

A

fever >40 and palpitations for 2-6 hours

119
Q

sweat stage

A

diaphoresis for 2-4 hours

120
Q

vector of malaria

A

female anopheles

121
Q

diagnosis for malaria (hospital)

A

quantitative buffy coat

121
Q

diagnosis for malaria (RHU)

A

malarial blood smear

122
Q

DOC for malaria

A

chloroquine

123
Q

construction of bio-ponds for fish propagation

A

stream seeding

124
Q

how many fishes per sqm in stream seeding?

A

2-4 fishes

125
Q

cutting of the vegetation overhanging along stream banks to expose the breeding stream to sunlight, rendering it unsuitable for mosquito vector habituation

A

stream clearing

126
Q

the typing of domestic animals like the carabao, cow, etc., near human dwellings to deviate mosquito bites from man to these animals

A

zooprophylaxis

127
Q

vector of dengue

A

aedes aegypti

128
Q

positive tourniquet test or rumpel leads test

A

> 20 petechiae per 2.5cm or 1in square

128
Q

tourniquet test AKA

A

rumpel leads test

128
Q

causative agent of measles

129
Q

causative agent of german measles

129
Q

hallmark sign of measles

A

coryza
koplik spots
cough
conjunctivitis

130
Q

MOT of measles

131
Q

where are koplik spots found?

A

inner surface of the cheeks

132
Q

period of communicability of measles

A

4 days before and 5 days after

133
Q

causative agent of chickenpox

133
Q

MOT of varicella

133
Q

mumps AKA

A

epidemic parotitis

133
Q

swelling of one or both of the parotid glands

134
Q

incubation of mumps

A

12 to 26 days, usually 18 days

134
Q

signs and symptoms of mumps

A

painful swelling in front of ear, angle of jaws and down the back
fever
malaise
loss of appetite
swelling of one or both testicles (orchitis) in some boys

135
Q

mumps MOT

135
Q

vaccine for mumps

136
Q

causative agent of diptheria

A

corynebacterium diphtheria

137
Q

diphtheria MOT

A

droplet and contact

137
Q

corynebactrium diphtheria AKA

A

klebs-loeffler bacillus

138
Q

diphtheria diagnosis

A

elek test (throat swab)

139
Q

management of diphtheria

A

penicillin

139
Q

whooping cough AKA

140
Q

causative agent of whooping cough

A

hemophilus pertussis
bordet gengou bacillus
bordetella pertussis

141
Q

whooping cough period of communicability

A

7-10 but not exceeding 21 days

142
Q

vaccine of pertussis

143
Q

causative agent of tetanus

A

clostridium tetani

144
Q

tetanus source of infection

A

soil, street dust, animal, and human feces

145
Q

cholera AKA

146
Q

cholera MOT

A

fecal-oral

147
Q

bacillary dysentery AKA

A

shigellosis

147
Q

causative agent of typhoid fever

A

salmonella typhosa

148
Q

colorless diarrhea
vomiting
severe dehydration
muscular cramps
cyanosis

149
Q

an acute bacterial infection of the intestine characterized by diarrhea, fever, tenesmus and in severe cases, blood and mucoid stools

A

bacillary dysentery

150
Q

causative agent of leptospirosis

A

leptospira interrogans

151
Q

incubation period of leptospirosis

A

7-19 days with average of 10 days

152
Q

causative agent of rabies

A

rhabdovirus

153
Q

DOC for leptospirosis

A

penicillins
tetracycline
erythromycin

154
Q

rabies incubation period

A

14 days to 21 days

155
Q

HIV/AIDS presumptive test

156
Q

HIV/AIDS confirmatory test

A

western blot

157
Q

SDG acronym

A

Po
No
Go
Ed
G
C
E
E
I
I
C
C
C
Wa
La
Pe
Pa

158
Q

SDG

A

poverty
no hunger
good health
education
gender equality
clean water
energy
economy
industry and infrastructure
inequalities
cities
consumption
climate change
water
land
peace and justice
partnership

159
Q

level iii water supply

A

waterworks system or individual house connections

159
Q

level ii water supply

A

communal faucet system or stand posts

160
Q

level I water supply

A

point source

161
Q

a protected well or a developed spring with an outlet but without a distribution system

A

level i - point source

162
Q

generally adaptable for rural areas (water supply) that are thinly scattered

A

level i - point source

162
Q

a system composed of a source a reservoir, a piped distribution network and communal facets, located at not more than 25 meters form the farthest house

A

level ii - communal faucet system or stand posts

163
Q

a system with a source, a reservoir, a piped distributor network and household taps

A

level iii - waterworks system or individual house connections

164
Q

generally suitable for rural areas (water supply) where houses are clustered densely to justify a simple piped system

A

level ii - communal faucet system or stand posts

165
Q

it is generally suited for densely populated urban areas (water supply)

A

level iii - waterworks system or individual house connections

165
Q

clean air act of 1999

166
Q

RA 8749

A

clean air act of 1999

172
Q

huntingtons disease

A

widespread degenerative brain change with progressive motor loss; both voluntary disability and involuntary disability, cognitive decline, chorea (involuntary movements) at later stage, psychiatric disturbances

173
Q

leprosy early or late
loss of sensation

174
Q

leprosy early or late
decrease or loss of sweating and hair growth over the lesion

175
Q

leprosy early or late
thickened and painful nerves

176
Q

leprosy early or late

pain or redness of the eyes

177
Q

leprosy early or late
nasal obstruction or bleeding

178
Q

leprosy early or late
ulcers that do not heal

179
Q

lagundi AKA

A

vitex negundo

179
Q

a shrub growing wild in vacant lots and waste land

A

lagundi (vitex negundo)

180
Q

the flowers are blue and bell-shaped

A

lagundi (vitex negundo)

181
Q

the small fruits turn black when ripe

A

lagundi (vitex negundo)

182
Q

uses:
cough, asthma, fever
dysentery, colds and pain
skin diseases
headache

A

lagundi (vitex negundo)

183
Q

yerba buena AKA

A

mentha cordifelia

184
Q

a small multi-branching aromatic herb

A

yerba buena (mentha cordifelia)

185
Q

uses:
rheumatism, arthritis, and headache
swollen gums
toothache
menstrual and gas pain
nausea and fainting
insect bites
pruritus

A

yerba buena (mentha cordifelia)

186
Q

the leaves are small, elliptical and with toothed margin

A

yerba buena (mentha cordifelia)

187
Q

sambong AKA

A

blumea balsamifera

188
Q

a plant that reaches 1 1/2 to 3 meters in height with rough hairy leaves

A

sambong (blumea balsamifera)

189
Q

uses:
anti-edema, diuretic, anti-urolithiasis (kidney stones)

A

sambong (blumea balsamifera)

190
Q

tsaang gubat AKA

A

carmona retusa

191
Q

a shrub with small, shiny nice-looking leaves that grows in wild uncultivated areas and forests

A

tsaang gubat (blumea balsamifera)

192
Q

uses:
diarrhea
stomachache

A

tsaang gubat (blumea balsamifera)

193
Q

niyug-niyogan AKA

A

quisqualis indica

194
Q

vines which bears tiny fruits and grows wild in backyard

A

niyug-niyogan (quisqualis indica)

195
Q

uses:
anti-helminthic
expel round worms

A

niyug-niyogan (quisqualis indica)

196
Q

bayabas AKA

A

psidium guajava

197
Q

uses:
washing wounds
diarrhea

A

bayabas (psidium guajava)

198
Q

akapulko AKA

A

senna alata

199
Q

a weed, with heart-shaped leaves that grow in shady parts of the garden and yard

A

ulasimang bato (peperonia pellucida)

200
Q

uses:
anti-fungal (ringworm, athletes foot, scabies, tinea flava)

A

akapulko (senna alata)

201
Q

ulasimang bato AKA

A

peperonia pellucida

202
Q

uses:
lowers uric acid
rheumatism
gout

A

ulasimang bato (peperonia pellucida)

203
Q

bawang AKA

A

allium sativum

204
Q

uses:
hypertension
lower cholesterol levels in the blood
toothache

A

bawan (allium sativum)

205
Q

ampalaya AKA

A

mamordica charantia

206
Q

uses:
lower blood sugar levels
diabetes milletus

A

ampalaya (mamordica charantia)

207
Q

republic act no 7160

A

local government code of 1991

208
Q

local government code of 1991

A

republic act no 7160

209
Q

refers to a drug outlet managed by a legitimate community organization, NGO, and LGU with a trained operator and a supervising pharmacist, and specifically licensed by the Bureau of Food and Drugs to sell, distribute, and offer for sale and or make available low-priced generic home remedies

A

botika ng barangay

210
Q

magna carta for public health workers

A

republic act no 7305

211
Q

republic act no 7305

A

magna carta of public health workers

212
Q

republic act 2382

A

philippine medical act

213
Q

philippine medical act

A

republic act 2382

214
Q

republic act 1082

A

rural health act

215
Q

rural health act

A

republic act 1082

216
Q

republic act 3573

A

reporting of communicable diseases

217
Q

reporting of communicable diseases

A

republic act 3573

218
Q

republic act 8423

219
Q

PITAHC

A

republic act 8423

220
Q

republic act 4073

A

treatment of leprosy

221
Q

treatment of leprosy

A

republic act 4073

PNLE (1 decks)

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