문법 Flashcards
Expressing belief that something is impossible in light of normal logic
A/V (으)ㄹ 리(가) 없다
N일 리가 없다
과거 -았/었을 리가 없다
Rhetorical question; (으)ㄹ 리가 있겠다?
Expressing that one event occurred/occurs right after another is finished
V-기(가) 무섭게
Action took a shorter/longer time interval than usual/expected
N 만에
Contrast two situations or actions, “but”
A/V(으)나
N(이)나
과고-았/었으나
Expressing a fact newly known through direct experience
N이더라고(요)
A/V 더라고(요)
Expressing that something or someone is “without exception” the same as following
N치고
Expressing proof of, or basis for, a result that has already occurred or situation that has become known
A-다는 것은 N에서/(으)로 알 수 있다
V-ㄴ/는다는 것은 N에서/(으)로 알 수 있딘
N은/는 N에서/(으)로 알 수 있다
과거 -았/었다는 것은 ~~
예; N에서 N(이)라는 것을 알 수 있다
“According to…”
Attributing indirect quotation to someone or expressing source of information
N에 의하면
N에 따르면
Thought about doing one action, but because of some reason, a different action is done
V (으)려다(가)
Not knowing the certainty of situation/action but guessing about its possibility
A/V (으)ㄹ지도 모르다
과거 -았/었을지도 모르다
Used for questioning sentences in writing where ‘다/는다’ is used
A (으)ㄴ가?
V 는가?
N인가?
과거 -았/었는가?
“Even”, expressing a negative thing ‘on top of’ an existing situation, ‘even the last thing/person’
N마저
Presenting two or more examples and expressing that all are equally good
N(이)면 N, N(이)면 N
Doing one action while in the process of doing another, which was the original goal
V 는 김에
과거; V (으)ㄴ 김에
Between two unfavourable situations one is preferable
V 느니 차라리
One situation/circumstance is different than another
N 과/와 달리
Various situations arise “depending on” a given standard/circumstance
~”depending on how/when/who…”
~”depending on perception”
N에 따라(서)
~ A(으)냐에 따라, V 느냐에 따라
~ 생각하기에 따라, 보기에 따라, 듣기에 따라
“In addition to”
Same subject for both clauses,
Don’t mix positive and negative clauses
A/과거 (으)ㄴ 데다(가) (N도)
V 는 데다(가)
N인 데다(가)
One thing “more or less the same” as another, practically the same
A/과거 (으)ㄴ 셈이다
V 는 셈이다
N인 셈이다
“Just”, “not/nothing more than”
N에 불과하다
Between two things one is on a higher level
“Not as good as N”
N만 못하다
N보다 못하다
Suggesting that rather than V, another action is better
(N만) V(으)ㄹ 게 아니라
Expressing statuses, identities and/or qualifications of people/things
N(으)로서
Reason or basis for following statement about action/situation
“Because”, mainly used in writing/speeches
N(이)므로
A/V (으)므로
과거 -았/었으므로
Rather than saying A, saying B would be more accurate or better/more polite
A다기보다는
V ㄴ/는다기보다는
N(이)라기보다는
과거 -았/었다기보다는
Rhetorically emphasizing improbable conjecture
설마 A/V -겠어요?
과거-았/었겠어요?
설마 + ‘(으)ㄹ 리가 있겠어요?’, ‘(으)ㄴ/는 것은 아니겠어요?’
Departure or starting point of a certain situation, “from”
N (으)로부터
Standard or means by which an action is done, “by”
N에 의해(서) + 피동
Expressing feelings or thoughts based on perceived fact
Same meaning but rhetorical
A 다 싶다, Vㄴ/는다 싶다
N(이)다 싶다
추측/미래- 겠다 싶다
과거- 았/었다 싶다
(으)ㄹ까 싶다
Expressing repetition of an action/situation
V곤 하다
과거-곤 했다
Strongly expressing event/effect of past action has not continued
A/V-았었/었었-
During the span taken for one action, another action occurs
Second action usually performed by second subject, unknown to the first subject
V는 사이(에)
으)ㄴ 사이(에
