鉴别 Flashcards

1
Q

鉴别胃痛与腹痛?

A

胃痛部位在心下胃脘之处,常伴有恶心、嗳气等胃病见症,腹痛部位在胃脘以下,恶心、嗳气等少见

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

鉴别泄泻与痢疾?

A

者均多发于夏秋季节,病变部位在胃肠,病因亦有相似之处,均有外感和饮食不节,症状都有腹痛、大便次数增多。但痢疾大便次数虽多而量少,排赤白脓血便,腹痛伴里急后重感明显.而泄泻大便次数增加,粪便清稀,或如水,或完谷不化,无赤白脓血便,腹痛多伴肠鸣,少有里急后重感。泻、痢在一定条件下,又可相互转化,一般认为先泻后痢病情加重,先痢后泻病情减轻

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

鉴别阳黄与阴黄?

A

临证应根据黄疸的色泽,并结合症状、病史予以鉴别。阳黄黄色鲜明,发病急,病程短,常伴身热、口干苦、舌苔黄腻、脉象弦数。急黄为阳黄之重症,病情急骤,疸色如金,兼见神昏、发斑、出血等危象。阴黄黄色晦暗,病程长,病势缓,常伴纳少、乏力、舌淡、脉沉迟或细缓

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

鉴别淋证与癃闭?

A

者都有小便量少,排尿困难之症状,但淋证尿频而尿痛,且每日排尿总量多为正常,癃闭则无尿痛,每日排尿量少于正常,严重时甚至无尿。但癃闭复感湿热,常可并发淋证,而淋证日久不愈,亦可发展成癃闭。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

鉴别六种淋证?

A

六种淋证均有小便频数,滴沥刺痛,小腹拘急引痛。此外,热淋起病多急骤,小便赤热,溲时灼痛,或伴有发热,腰痛拒按。石淋以小便排出砂石为主症,或排尿时突然中断,尿道窘迫疼痛,或腰腹绞痛难忍。气淋小腹胀满较明显,小便涩滞疼痛,尿后余沥不尽。血淋为溺血而痛。膏淋证见小便浑浊如米泔水或滑腻如膏脂。劳淋小便不甚赤涩.溺痛不甚,但淋沥不已,时作时止,遇劳即发。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

鉴别真头痛与一般头痛?

A

真头痛为头痛的一种特殊重症,其特点为起病急骤,多表现为突发的剧烈头痛,持续不解,阵发加重,手足逆冷至肘膝,甚至呕吐如喷,肢厥、抽搐,本病凶险,应与一般头痛区别。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

鉴别阳水与阴水?

A

1)阳水:病因多为风邪、疮毒、水湿,发病较急,每成与数日之间,肿多为面目开始,自上而下,继及全身,肿处皮肤绷急发亮,按这凹陷即起,兼有寒热等表证,属表属实,一般病程较短(与肺脾相关)。
2)阴水:病因多为饮食劳倦,先天或后天因素所致的脏腑亏损,发病较缓,肿多由足踝开始,自下而上,继及全身,肿处皮肤松弛,按之凹陷不易恢复,甚则按之如泥,属里、属虚或虚实夹杂,病程较长(与脾肾相关)。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

鉴别咳血与吐血?

A

咳血与吐血血液均经口出,但两者截然不同。
1)咳血:血由肺来,经气道咳嗽而出,血色多为鲜红,常混有痰液,咳血之前多有咳嗽、胸闷、喉痒等症状,大量咳血后,可见痰中带血数天,大便一般不呈黑色。
2)吐血:血自胃来,经呕吐而出,血色多紫暗,常夹有食物残渣,吐血之前常多有胃脘不适或胃痛、恶心等症状,吐血之后无痰中带血,但大便多呈黑色。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

鉴别哮病与喘证?

A

相同点:哮病和喘证都有呼吸急促、困难的表现。哮必兼喘,但喘未必兼哮。

不同点:哮指声响言,喉中哮鸣有声,是一种反复发作的独立性疾病。喘指气息言,为呼吸气促困难,是多种肺系急慢性疾病的一个症状。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

鉴别胃痛与真心痛?

A

真心痛是心经病变所引起的心痛证。多见于老年人,为当胸而痛,其多刺痛,动辄加重,痛引肩背,常伴心悸气短、汗出肢冷,病情危急,正如《灵枢 厥论》曰:“真心痛手足青至节,心痛甚,旦发夕死,夕发旦死。”其病变部位、疼痛程度与特征、伴随症状及其预后等方面,与胃痛有明显区别。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

鉴别尿血与血淋?

A

两者均表现为尿中有血。以小便时疼痛与否为其鉴别要点:不痛者为尿血,痛(滴沥刺痛)者为血淋。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

鉴别便血与痔疮出血?

A

痔疾属外科疾病,其大便下血的特点为便时或便后出血,常伴有肛门异物感或疼痛,作肛门直肠检查时可发现内痔或外痔。而内科所论的便血主要是大便出血以致便色鲜红、暗红或如柏油状,便次增多。多有胃肠或肝病病史

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

鉴别消渴与瘿病?

A

瘿病中阴虚火旺证型所表现的多食易饥、消瘦,类似消渴病的中消,但眼球突出,颈前瘿肿有形则与消渴有别,且无消渴病的多饮、多尿、尿甜等症。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

鉴别紫斑与出疹?

A

紫斑隐于皮内,压之不退色,触之不碍手;而疹高出于皮肤表面,压之退色,触之碍手。且二者的成因、病位均有不同。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly