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日本語 > 文法 > Flashcards

文法 Flashcards

1
Q

What is added before の in an explanatory context?

A

な

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2
Q

の/のだ and ので (explanatory) are shortened to?

A

んだ and んで

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3
Q

Stem +に行く means

A

To go and do something

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4
Q

か can be used in a subordinate clause

A

To make a mini-question within a larger sentence

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5
Q

Adding どうか before the final sentence verb

A

Implies “whether or not”

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6
Q

て+おく(置く)/とく

A

Task completion in preparation for something else

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7
Q

動詞+事／よう(様)になる/する

A

Changes verb to a noun

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8
Q

動詞(plain)+と+result

A

Cause and effect

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9
Q

名詞/形容動詞+ だと+result

A

Cause and effect

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10
Q

Assumed context 動詞plain+なら+result

A

If this is the case then… (ならば makes it more formal)

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11
Q

形容詞 + negatives ending 「ない」

A

Drop い and add ければ. Emphasises the condition - IF… Then…

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12
Q

When past conditional is actually used in the past

A

It expresses an unexpected result

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13
Q

~ては駄目（だめ)

A

Must not (casual)

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14
Q

Negativeて＋は駄目/いけない/ならない

A

Must do something

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15
Q

Negative 動詞、drop い, +ければ駄目/いけない/ならない

A

Must do (general)

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16
Q

Must なくて and なければ casual

A

なくちゃ and なきちゃ respectively (the rest is optional)

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17
Q

ては→ちゃ、では→じゃ駄目、etc

A

Casual “must not do”

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18
Q

って (て when no sound precedes it)

A

Casual of と言います, and can also just replace は and という+ any accompanying particles

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19
Q

という

A

Used to describe what something is known as - kinda like “this is/you are, etc)
Also verb used to talk about a subordinate clause

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20
Q

というか/ということ

A

To give a different conclusion/correct something/interject. Similar to “rather” or “then”. Very broad meaning

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21
Q

とはいっても/だって (casual)

A

But even so

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22
Q

Volitional+とする

A

Attempt/strive to do something. Can also use alternatives to する

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23
Q

Ask for favours by…

A

~てくれる/〜てもられる (use negative to sound more polite)

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24
Q

Ask for someone to not do something by…

A

Adding でくれる/もられる to the negative

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25
Q

ってば／ったら

A

Casual of といえば & といったら. Tired of repeating oneself

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26
Q

やがる

A

Indicates hatred for person doing the action. Add to verb stem, conjugates like う verb

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27
Q

~てしまう

A

Unintentional

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28
Q

ところ

A

Can also use for abstract parts, e.g characteristics, place in time

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29
Q

もの

A

Emphasises explanations, similar to の at sentence end. Can say もん to sound cutesy and cheeky, e.g “so there :p”

30
Q

To say “the more you…”

A

conditional of 動詞+ 同じ動詞+ ほど. Use ば conditional for 形容詞. For 形容動詞、use なら conditional

31
Q

形容詞から名詞まで

A

Remove い, add さ or add さ to 形容動詞. E.g 難しい→難しさ、difficult→difficulty

32
Q

ほど

A

Expresses the extent of something. Add to relevant verb/noun/adjective in the sentence.

33
Q

も

A

Add after quantity to express excessive amounts

34
Q

しか/っきゃ

A

Used in negative sentences. Suggests “nothing but/nothing else”. っきゃ is used instead for more emphasis

35
Q

Negative 動詞+と駄目/いけない/ならない

A

No choice must

36
Q

~ては+いけない vs ならない

A

Both must not, but ならない is used more for policies/rules

37
Q

I adjective as adverb + なる

A

Become something

38
Q

名詞+にする

A

To decide on something, e.g choosing from a menu

39
Q

あり＋得る(える/うる)

A

Something is possible

40
Q

て+ある

A

Expresses task completion

41
Q

そうだ hearsay.

A

Can add to verb, noun, adjective. Always present tense.

41
Q

によって “depending on”. て of よる

A

Attach to whatever it depends on

41
Q

によると、”according to”

A

Attach to what it’s according to

41
Q

難い、がたい or辛い づらい attached to 動詞 stem

A

Alt to にくい、used more for writing, and for less physical action.辛い is coarser

41
Q

動詞+ないで+動詞, or stem+ず (でもする→せず、くる→こず)

A

Did something without doing something else. ず is more formal

41
Q

訳、わけ at end of sentence

A

Meaning/reason/can be deduced/in conclusion

41
Q

訳がない (が is often dropped)

A

No reasonable conclusion

41
Q

Past+とたん(に)

A

As soon as you do something, something else (out of your control) happens

41
Q

Stem+まくる

A

Do/don’t do all the time

41
Q

より+qu words e.g 誰

A

Superlative

42
Q

っぱなし

A

Attached to verb stem. Means doing something and leaving it that way without changing it.

43
Q

〜ており

A

Official lang version of 〜ている

44
Q

はず、はずがない、etc

A

Describes an expectation. Use like regular noun. Tag on to end of sentence

45
Q

可き、べき

A

One is “supposed to”. Like regular noun (する can be すべき)

46
Q

(で)さえ

A

Not even close/ did/didn’t even. で makes it more emphatic.

Added to verb stem expresses minimum action for a result, “at least do this and this will happen”

47
Q

おろか

A

Something is not even worth doing/considering. Noun/stem +はおろか

48
Q

〜がる, someone is acting a certain way

A

形容詞: い→がる、な: add がる.

All turn into う adjectives

49
Q

形容詞+がり屋

A

Describes how one often feels, e.g cold

50
Q

動詞 conjugated to ん+ばかり (or tagged to past tense)

A

One seems to want to do something/ as if

51
Q

めくattached to 名詞 or 形容動詞

A

Describes atmosphere. Becomes う動詞

52
Q

Stem+がち/名詞+がち

A

One is prone to doing something

53
Q

と思いきや

A

To your surprise/surprisingly. Same function as と思う

54
Q

名詞/動詞stem+がてら

A

For concurrent actions, but 1 being the main action.
E.g.　散歩がてら、タバコを買いに行きました。
- While taking a stroll, I also used that time to buy cigarettes.

55
Q

動詞/名詞+あげく

A

To describe an eventual (usually bad) result. Treat like a noun (useの) or add to past verb

56
Q

Volitional+が+neg volitional+が

A

Doesn’t matter whether or not

57
Q

名詞+だらげ

A

Something is riddled with/covered with

58
Q

名詞+まみれ

A

Same as だらけ but for literal physical coverings

59
Q

名詞+ずくめ

A

To describe something relevant to the whole thing, e.g “from head to toe”

60
Q

動詞past+が早いか+consequential event

A

Describes an action that immediately occurs as a direct result of the first verb.

61
Q

Make something happen

A

Stem+かける

日本語 (8 decks)

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