宏观单词 Flashcards

1
Q

Aggregate

A

总的,

譬如aggregate demand,总需求

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2
Q

expand

A

扩张,动词

expansion 是名词

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3
Q

expense

A

花费,
Expense on luxury
Expense on housing 等

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4
Q

sticky

A

粘性。在经济中,意思是不轻易变

sticky wage

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5
Q

expansionary

A

扩张的。expand的形容词,一般用来形容fiscal和monetary policy

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6
Q

expansionary的反义词

A

contractionary,收缩的

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7
Q

exist

A

存在,是动词

this thing doesn’t exist

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8
Q

exit

A

退出,是动词

Britain exit ,缩写Brexit,说的退欧

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9
Q

fraction

A

占比,例句
A fraction of my income is spent on….

fraction of GDP

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10
Q

rational

A

理智的。经济里的假设,理智的就是自私的

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11
Q

altruism

A

利他性。就是无私奉献行为

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12
Q

Optimistic

A

乐观的

I feel optimistic about….

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13
Q

Optimistic 的反义词

A

Pessimistic, 悲观的

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14
Q

overly

A

过分地

price is overly high - 价格过分地高

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15
Q

fiscal policy

A

财政政策。包括government spending + tax + transfer payment

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16
Q

monetary policy

A

货币政策,controlled by the central bank

i,MS,reserve ratio,OMO,availability of credit

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17
Q

Milton Friedman

A

认为MP有用的那个人

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18
Q

Marx

A

马克思。认为历史充满conflict,forces那个人

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19
Q

Adam Smith

A

核心观点:rational agent;division of labour; free market

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20
Q

Keynes

A

认为FP有用; 人都是动物,animal spirit,overly optimistic and pessimis

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21
Q

Monetarist

A

认为MP对GDP提高有用的那个学派

Friedman is a monetarist

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22
Q

natural rate of output

A

Yn。就是PPC线上对应的GDP

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23
Q

natural rate of unemployment

A

Un。就是PPC上对应的level of unemployment, 包括frictional 和 structural

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24
Q

inverse

A

反过来的,反比的

inverse relationship between X and Y: X和Y成反比

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25
Q

X和Y呈正比关系

A

positive relationship between X and Y

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26
Q

reduce

A

减少

reduce consumption: 消费减少

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27
Q

减少的名词形式:

A

reduction

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28
Q

corruption

A

贪污
e..g a high level of corruption = very corrupted = 很多贪污

形容词:corrupted
动词:corrupt

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29
Q

restrict

A

限制,

restriction investment - 限制投资

30
Q

trend

A

趋势

形容词 trendy

the trend is that….. 趋势是….
Tiktok is trendy - tiktok很流行
Economic trend - 经济的趋势

31
Q

intensive economic growth

A

real GDP per head ↑

32
Q

NAIRU

A

non accelerating inflation rate of unemployment, 就是Natural rate of unemplyment
就是PPC线上对应的那个unemployment,包括frictional + structural

33
Q

retire

A

动词,退休
People retire at the age of 65.
retirement age 退休年龄

34
Q

exit

A

出口,退出

Brexit, 就是英国脱欧的缩写,因为英国是britain

35
Q

exist

A

存在。动词
this thing doesn’t exist
There exists ….

名词形式:existence

36
Q

medium

A

媒介。

经济常见于 Medium of exchange, 讲的是money的功能之一是 exchange的medium,交换的媒介

37
Q

store of value

A

store:保存

所以是价值保存的意思。也是money的4个function之一

38
Q

deferred

A

延迟的

standard of deferred payment, money的4大功能之一

39
Q

reserves

A

商业银行存在Fed的钱

central bank reserves, M0=reserves+currency

40
Q

deposits

A

存款

41
Q

demand deposits

A

活期存款,属于M1

M1 = demand deposit + checkable deposit + money market mutual fund + currency

42
Q

mutual fund

A

基金

43
Q

checkable deposits

A

活期存款,属于M1

M1 = demand deposit + checkable deposit + money market mutual fund + currency

44
Q

time deposits

A

定期存款,属于M2

M2 = M1 + savings deposit + money market mutual fund

45
Q

money market mutual funds

A

货币基金,属于M2

M2 = M1 + savings deposit + money market mutual fund

46
Q

open market operation

A

Fed买卖国债,改变reserves的量

47
Q

velocity

A

速度

The velocity of money is often stable.

48
Q

stable

A

稳定的

velocity of money is often stable.

49
Q

quantity theory of money

A

指的是MV=PY这条公式

50
Q

money neutrality

A

根据MV=PY 这条 quantity theory of money的公式,

V和Y不变的时候,印钱就是通胀

51
Q

inflation is a money phenomenon

A

印钱就是通胀

52
Q

lag

A

滞后

53
Q

information lag

A

得到消息慢

一般用在批评 fiscal policy的有效性时用

54
Q

recognition lag

A

懂这个消息的意思慢。

也是fiscal policy的不够有限的原因

55
Q

decision lag

A

做决定慢

fiscal policy又慢又可能无效的原因之一

56
Q

implementation lag

A

执行慢

fiscal policy又慢又可能无效的原因之一

57
Q

aggressive

A

比较猛的:aggressive MP/FP

58
Q

recession

A

经济衰退

一般组合:economic recession

59
Q

legislator

A

政策制定者

跟 policy makers 一个意思

60
Q

assess V.S. access

A

前面的是动词,评估 assess your performance; assess economic situation

后面的是渠道,the access to education / healthcare

61
Q

effecitve

A

有效的
more effective
less effective

62
Q

appropriate

A

合适的

appropriate policy

63
Q

adopt

A

采用. 动词

adopt FP/MP

64
Q

Phillips curve

A

inflation rate和unemployment rate反着来的那条线,x轴是employment rate

65
Q

expected

A

预期的

SRAS, SRPC is based on a certain expected inflation

66
Q

realised

A

实现的、实际的,=actual的意思

If economy is at LRAS, realised inflation = expected inflation

67
Q

barriers

A

障碍

trade barriers

68
Q

protectionism

A

保护主义

trade protectionism

69
Q

exchange rate

A

汇率,每一个人民币能换多少美金=exchange rate of RMB in dollars

70
Q

appreciate

A

汇率上升

71
Q

depreciate

A

汇率下降