地理定义

Question 1

Albedo

Answer 1

Albedo is the amount of reflected short wave radiation (swr).

Question 2

Long wave radiation

Answer 2

Long wave radiation is outgoing terrestrial radiation whereby the earth’s surface has been heated by solar radiation.

Question 3

Short wave radiation

Answer 3

Short wave radiation is incoming solar radiation.

Question 4

Incoming solar radiation

Answer 4

Incoming short wave radiation from the sun.

Question 5

Terrestrial (earth) radiation

Answer 5

Terrestrial radiation is outgoing long wave radiation consequent upon the heating of the earth’s surface by solar radiation.

Question 6

Sensible heat transfer

Answer 6

Sensible heat transfer is heat that can be transferred within the atmosphere by either convection or conduction.

Question 7

Latent heat transfer

Answer 7

Latent heat transfer is the heat transferred when a body changes state (e.g. condensation).

Question 8

Relative humidity

Answer 8

RH is the ratio of the actual amount of water vapour in air to the maximum amount it can hold at that temperature. It is expressed as a percentage.

Question 9

Evaporation

Answer 9

Evaporation is the changing of a liquid (water) to a gas (water vapour) by heating

Question 10

Condensation

Answer 10

Condensation is the changing of vapour to a liquid (water vapour to water) by cooling to dew point

Question 11

Convection

Answer 11

Convection is the process whereby (usually) air is heated at the ground surface and then rises because it is warmer and lighter.

Question 12

Water vapour

Answer 12

Water vapour is the gaseous state of moisture in the atmosphere that has been evaporated from the earth’s surface.

Question 13

Fog

Answer 13

Fog is water droplets caused by condensation in the surface part of the atmosphere with a visibility of less than 1km.

Question 14

Dew

Answer 14

Dew is moisture deposited as water droplets on the surface of vegetation or other surface objects due to condensation from radiation cooling.

Question 15

Snow

Answer 15

Snow is solid precipitation and is composed of single ice crystals. It generally falls to earth more gently and can produce a depth of deposit.

Question 16

Orographic uplift

Answer 16

Orographic uplift is the forced rising of air over a topographic barrier.

Question 17

Urban heat island

Answer 17

The area (island) of relatively higher temperatures that are found in urban areas as compared with surrounding rural areas. Produced mainly by the capacity for buildings to retain heat and re-radiate it at night.