げんき２・文法

Question 1

What is a potential verb?

Answer 1

Someone “can” or “has the ability to” do something, or that something is “possible”.

Question 2

Potential verbs conjugation

Answer 2

ru: -rareru
u: -eru

を -> が
する -> できる

Question 3

Express the idea of “can do”.

Answer 3

~ことができる

Question 4

Mention one or more reasons.

Answer 4

(reason) し、(reason) し、(situation) 。
or
(situation) 。(reason) し、(reason) し。

If only one reason is given with し it implies that there’s more unmentioned reasons.

Question 5

Express the idea of “it looks like ~”

Answer 5

i-adjectives: replace い with そうです
na-adjectives: replace な with そうです
verbs: verb stem + そうです

negative endings: replace ない with なさそうです

いい -> よさそうです

We don’t use this with adjectives that are based on visual impressions. Therefore きれいそうです (it seems beautiful) is wrong.

Question 6

Express the idea “to try something”

Answer 6

-てみる

Question 7

Express the idea that Y ONLY applies to X. Used to give contrast and limitation.

X (noun) __ Y (predicate)

Answer 7

(X) なら (Y)

Question 8

Express frequency

Answer 8

(period) に (frequency)

一週間に3回 (three times a week)

Question 9

1. Express the idea of “to want something (object)/to want to do something”
2. Express the idea of “someone else seems to want something (object)/to want to do something”
3. Express the idea of “I want someone else to do something”

Answer 9

1.
Object: (X) がほしいです。(I want X)
Activity: verb stem + たいです。 (I want to do verb)

2.
Object: (X) がほしがっています。
Activity: Verb stem + たがっています。

3.
verb te-form + ほしいです。

Question 10

1. (Less sure) Express the idea that “something is a “possibility” or “something may be the case”
2. (More sure) Express the idea that “something is a “possibility” or “something may be the case”

Answer 10

1. Verbs: verb short form + かもしれません
   Noun or na-adjective: drop だ and add かもしれません
   In casual language かもしれない or かも are used
2. でしょう

Question 11

Verbs for giving and receiving

Answer 11

I give someone: あげる
Something give me: くれる
I receive something: もらう

Question 12

Giving advice

Answer 12

verb short past tense + らどうですか
ONLY USE WHEN ASKED FOR ADVICE.
Can sometimes have a disapproving tone, expressing criticism.