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Physical education paper 2 > ⚔️ > Flashcards

⚔️ Flashcards

1
Q

A skill is_____

A

learned (backflip)

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2
Q

A ability is_____

A

inherited (balance)

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3
Q

Basic vs complex skills

A

Basic skills

  • little decision making required
  • easy to learn
  • walking/jumping

Complex skills

  • high levels of decision making required
  • long time to learn
  • bowling in cricket
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4
Q

Open vs closed skills

A

Open

  • affected by the environment(opponent, weather, terrain)
  • usually externally paced
  • pass in football

Closed
-not affected by the environment
-usually internally paced
somersault in gymnastics

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5
Q

Externally vs self paced

A

Externally paced

  • external factors start the skill (opponent)
  • receiving a serve in tennis

Self paced

  • the performer starts the skill
  • long jump
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6
Q

Basic information processing cycle

A

Input- information is gained from body’s senses and chosen with selective attention

Decision making- comparing current situation to long-term memory to come up with action

Output- information is sent t your muscles to carry out response

Feedback- information received on weather to repeat or change process depending on outcome

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7
Q

Basic information processing example

A

Input- seeing a player throw tennis ball high to serve

Decision making- What do you see, have you seen this in the past

Outcome- move leg muscles to be ready to return ball

Feedback- too far forward, missed ball?

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8
Q

Types of goals

A

Performance and outcome

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9
Q

How to set targets

A 
SMART
S-pecific 
M-easureable
A-ccepted
R-ealistic
T-ime bound
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10
Q

Types of guidance

A

Visual- see something
Verbal- being told by coach
Manual- physically moving
Mechanical- using aids to help guide performance

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11
Q

Positive vs negative feeback

A

Positive- what was good about performance

Negative- identifying faults in performance

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12
Q

Intrinsic vs extrinsic feedback

A

Intrinsic- from within performer

Extrinsic- comes from coach or team mate

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13
Q

Knowledge of results vs knowledge of performance

A

Knowledge of results- focus on how successful performer was at winning

Knowledge of performance- focuses on quality of performance

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14
Q

Process of feeling performance through muscles

A

Kinesthesis

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15
Q

Arousal is____

A

a physical and mental state of alertness or excitement

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16
Q

Controlling arousal

A

Mental rehearsal- pictures themselves performing the skill perfectly

Visualisation/imagery- visualising yourself playing

Positive self-talk- performers reassure themselves by talking in their head

Deep breathing- taking long deep breathes to help focus on breathing instead of game anxiety

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17
Q

Types of aggression

A

Direct aggression- is where there is a physical contact between two or more performers such as tackling too high in rugby

Indirect aggression is where there is no physical harm caused only mental harm used to scare the opposition and take away their confidence such as the Hakka or a slam on tennis

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18
Q

What is motivation

A

Motivation is the drive or desire to achieve

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19
Q

Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation

A

Intrinsic motivation comes from within a performer such as pride

Extrinsic motivation comes from an external source

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20
Q

Intangible and tangible examples

A

Intangible= pride

Tangible= trophy

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21
Q

Personality types

A

Introverts

  • Shy, quiet and thoughtful
  • Easily over aroused
  • Individual sports

Extroverts

  • sociable, enthusiastic and talkative
  • need high levels of arousal to motivate them and stop boredom
  • Team sports
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22
Q

Engagement gender

A

Stereotyping

  • Different physical builds in men
  • believes that competitiveness is a masculine trait

Traditional views
-woman’s role is to be a carer of the family meaning they lack time to take part in sport

Media coverage
- elite female athletes getting less media coverage

Role models
- Lack of female role models

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23
Q

Engagement family and friends

A

Support
-Emotional and financial support

Role models
-parents act as role models for the children and can affect their participation in sport

Following the crowd
-you are more likely to take part in sports if your friends do

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24
Q

Engagement ethnicity

A

Inequality
-imbalance in the representations of different ethnic groups

Disposable income
-people from ethnic minority groups may have less money to spend on equipment from their socioeconomic background

Stereotyping
-people from particular backgrounds maybe state with certain sports for example Africans towards long-distance

25
Q

Engagement age

A

Generally when students leave school they drop out sports

Stereotyping-older people must play particular sports mainly individual

Physical limitations-age can prevent older people playing certain sports as Fitness levels decline and your body takes longer to recover from injuries

26
Q

Engagement disabilities

A

Inclusiveness- Sports facilities may not run sessions for people disabilities

Disposable income- specialist equipment may be expensive

Stereotyping leading to less media coverage and less role models

27
Q

What is commercialisation

A

To manage or exploit an activity in a way designed to make profit

28
Q

The golden triangle

A

Sport, the media, sponsorship

29
Q

The media forms

A

Internet, radio, social media, newspapers

30
Q

Sponsorship provides

A

Facilities, equipment and clothing, financial

31
Q

The sport

A

The sport needs funding for facilities, equipment and competitions

32
Q

Advantages of commercialisation

On sponsor, sport, officials, player, audience

A

Sponsor
-raised awareness of brands leading to increase sales

Sport
-more media coverage leading to increased awareness on funding

Officials
-Provide kit and the media can support correct decisions provide kit and the media can support correct decisions

Player
-gets paid lots and receives top quality products that aid performance

Audience
-More coverage and I can also access replays

33
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation

On sponsor, sport, officials, player and audience

A

Sponsor
-if the player or team doesn’t perform well or if the player is a bad role model

Sport
-advert breaks and negative reporting can give us the sport a bad reputation

Officials
-put under a spotlight to make the correct decisions and also they have to wear the sponsors logo

Player
-pressure to win and given no privacy

Audience
-high subscription cost and minority sports are not shown

34
Q

Advantages of technology

On performer and the sport, officials, sponsor, audience and spectators

A

Performer/sport- improved equipment and improve security of venues

Officials- less chance of human error

Sponsor- easier to see the logos also advertising slots

Audience/spectators- Multiple viewing platforms and interactions with the game using Hawkeye

35
Q

Disadvantages of technology

On performer/sport, officials, sponsor and audience

A

Performance/sport- equipment cost increase expensive repairs

Officials- they can become reliant on technology

Sponsor- need to provide more funding

Audience- Breaks taken to wait for decisions can be boring

36
Q

Types of technology used in sport

A

Hawkeye is many cameras there set up to check where the ball goes

Performance analysis aids show how performers could change their movements

Television match officials prevent human Eire

37
Q

Sportsmanship

A

The type of behaviour you should see such as respect

38
Q

Gamesmanship

A

Bending the rules to gain unfair advantage

39
Q

Etiquette

A

The unwritten rules and activity displaying good manners

40
Q

Contract to complete

A

And on written agreement to follow the rules

41
Q

What is blood doping?
Who might use it?
Negative side-effects?

A

Blood doping is a process where the performer removes their blood weeks before competition. This blood is frozen and stored. Just before competition the stored blood is reinjected into the performer

Use by long-distance athletes such as cyclists and distance runners

Infection, heart attacks, strokes

42
Q

What are beta-blockers
Who might use beta-blockers
Negative side-effects

A

Beta-blockers are drugs that are designed to Block the effects of adrenaline so helping slow down the heart rate they have a calming affect

Used by sports requiring fine accuracy such as darts or gymnastics

Nausea, heart problems, tiredness

43
Q

What are stimulants
Who might use it
Side-effects

A

Stimulants elevate mood making an individual feel more awake and alert

Used in sports such as rugby boxing and ice hockey

Insomnia, aggression, anxiety

44
Q

What are Diuretics
Who uses them
Side-effects

A

Drugs that increase the rate of urination used to achieve quick weight loss And Hide other PED substances

Any performer trying to hide other PEDS
boxes before a match when they’re being weighed

Dehydration, heart failure, nausea, headaches

45
Q

What are peptide hormones who uses them side-effects

A

EPO can help increase red blood cell production and HGH can increase muscle mass

EPO used by long-distance events hGH used in weightlifting

EPO causes heart attacks strokes. HGH cause heart failure and diabetes

46
Q

Strategies to prevent hooliganism

A

Bans, Fines, prison, increase security, early kickoffs, all-seater stadiums, alcohol restrictions, education

47
Q

Reasons for hooliganism

A

Rivalries, alcohol, gang culture, frustration, displays of masculinity, hype

48
Q

Physical health and well-being

A

To body system is working well, free from illness and injury and able to carry out everyday tasks

49
Q

Mental health and well-being

A

A state of well-being in which every individual realises there and potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life

50
Q

Social health and well-being

A

This is when basic human needs are met such as food shelter and clothing

51
Q

What is a sedentary lifestyle

A

A lifestyle where there is very limited or no physical activity

52
Q

Health risks caused by a sedentary lifestyle

A

Obesity, heart disease, Type II diabetes, poor sleep, poor self-esteem and lack of energy

53
Q

What is obesity

A

Obesity is used to describe a person who is extremely overweight

54
Q

Somatotypes

A

Mesomorph’s have high muscle mass wide shoulders and narrow hips

Ectomorph’s are tall and thin have narrow shoulders and hips doesn’t store fat or muscle

Endomorph’s have a high fat content Narrow shoulders and wide hips

55
Q

Carbohydrates

A

The main energy source contained in bread, pasta, potatoes and rice

A balanced diet contain 55% to 60%

56
Q

Fats

A

Fats are an energy source then clued butter oil and meats

A balanced diet should contain 25% to 30% fat

57
Q

Protein

A

For growth and repair of muscle tissues contained in cheese, milk, eggs and fish

A balanced diet should contain 15% to 20% protein

58
Q

Vitamins and minerals

A

For maintaining the body systems and general health

Contained in fruits and vegetables

Physical education paper 2 (1 decks)

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