Словообразование Flashcards

1
Q

suffix -able

A

sometimes means can be done

  • reliable = can be trusted

Ive never had a problem with the car - its very reliable.

  • washable = can be washed

Is this jacket washable?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

prefix un- + words ending -able

A

often express the opposite meaning with the prefix -un-:

  • unsuitable = not right / correct for a situation

Jeans are unsuitable for weddings.

  • unbreakable = cannot be broken

The glass in the shop window is unbreakable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Words ending -ible sometimes add the prefix in-

A

to form an oppsite:

  • incomprehensible = cannot be trusted

This street map is uncomprehensible.

  • invisible = cannot be seen

Trees surround the house, so it`s invinsible from the road.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-ful

A

often means full of or having the quality of the noun

  • care_ful_ = doing sth with care and attention

Careful driver

  • helpful = able to help

Her advice was very helpful

  • painful = giving pain

It was painful when I hit my hand

  • use_ful_ = has a lot of use

I found it a useful book

  • thoughtful = kind and thinks of others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-less

A

often means without

  • careless = without care, and causing mistakes

His work is full of careless mistakes.

  • useless = without use and often terrible

This knife is useless - it won`t cut anything

  • homeless = with nowhere to live

Many families are homeless because of the war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

re-

A

= again

The shop closed down but it`ll reopen next month.

I failed my exam but I can retake / redo it next year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

over-

A

= too much

My boss is overdoing it at the moment (= working too hard).

I went to bed very late and I overslept (= slept too long) this morning.

The shop assistant overcharged me (= asked me for too much money).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mis-

A

= badly or incorrectly

I`m afraid I misunderstood what he said.

Two of the students misread the first question.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prefix de-

A

лишать того, что обозначено основой, удалять, снять то, что обозначено основой

  • to code (кодировать) = to decode (декодировать)
  • to desex (кастрировать)

ряд глаголов, образованных от сущ., обозначающих вид транспорта, передают значение “сойти с, высадиться из”:

  • to detrain (train = поезд) = сойти с поезда
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prefix dis -

A

Выражает обратное противоположное действие или отрицание.

Иногда он передает значение удалить, лишить, избавиться от того, что обозначено основой

  • to allow (разрешать) = to disallow (запрещать)
  • to appear (появляться) = to disappear (исчезать)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mis -

A

выражает ошибочность действия

  • to take (брать) = to mistake (ошибиться, взять неправильно)
  • to appear (появляться) = to misapply (неправильно использовать, злоупотреблять)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prefix pre-

prefix fore-

A

выражают предшествование. В русском переводе можно использовать слова заранее, предварительно

  • to see (видеть) = to foresee (предвидеть)
  • to show (показать) = to foreshow (предвещать)
  • to heat (нагревать) = to preheat (предварительно нагревать)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prefix under-

A

образует глаголы со значениями:

нахождения или действия под чем-то:

  • to lie (лежать) = to underlie (лежать под чем-то)

неполного, недостаточного действия:

  • to load (нагружать) = to underload (недогружать, загружать неполностью)

Этому префиксу соответствует русская приставка недо-:

to do (делать) = underdone (недоделанный)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

prefix over-

A

образует глаголы со значениями:

движения над чем-либо:

  • to leap (прыгать) = to overleap (перепрыгнуть)

чрезмерность (действия, состояния), сверх нормы:

  • to load (нагружать) = to overload (нагрузить сверх нормы, перегрузить)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

suffix -ic

A

образует прилагательные со значениями:

имеющий состав или структуру основы:

  • atom (атом) = atomic (атомный)

имеющий сходство с кем-либо:

  • Homeric (гомеровский, гомерический)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

suffix -ian

A

существительные с этим суффиксом обозначают национальность или звание и профессию

  • Russian (русский)
  • musician (музыкант)