Нервы

Question 1

What is a synapse?

Answer 1

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs

Includes components such as mitochondria, vesicles with biologically active substances, and synaptic cleft.

Question 2

What is gray matter?

Answer 2

A collection of neuron cell bodies

It is primarily found in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 3

What is white matter?

Answer 3

A collection of neuron axons

It facilitates communication between different brain regions.

Question 4

What type of neuron is responsible for sensing stimuli?

Answer 4

Sensory neuron

It transmits nerve impulses to interneurons and has longer dendrites than axons.

Question 5

What is the role of an interneuron?

Answer 5

Acts as a mediator between sensory and motor neurons

It processes information within the central nervous system.

Question 6

What does a motor neuron do?

Answer 6

Conducts impulses from the brain/organs to muscles/organs

It is crucial for initiating movement.

Question 7

What is the range of nerve impulse speeds?

Answer 7

From 0.5 to 120 m/s

The speed varies based on the type of neuron and myelination.

Question 8

What are the two main parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 8

Spinal cord and brain

The central nervous system processes information and coordinates activity.

Question 9

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 9

Nerves, nerve ganglia, and nerve endings

These structures are located outside the central nervous system.

Question 10

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 10

Conscious control of skeletal muscles

It enables voluntary movements.

Question 11

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 11

Unconscious control of internal organs

It includes sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 12

What is a reflex?

Answer 12

A stereotypical reaction of the organism to external stimuli

Reflexes can be unconditional (inherited) or conditional (learned).

Question 13

What are reflex arcs?

Answer 13

Neural pathways that mediate reflex actions

They can be simple (sensory and motor neurons) or complex (including interneurons).

Question 14

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 14

Reflexive actions, conduction of impulses, regulation of internal organs

It connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system.

Question 15

How many pairs of nerves are associated with the spinal cord?

Answer 15

31 pairs of nerves

Each pair emerges from the spinal cord and innervates specific body regions.

Question 16

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 16

Reflexive actions (coughing, sneezing) and conduction of impulses

It serves as a vital connection between the brain and spinal cord.

Question 17

What does the pons do?

Answer 17

Conducts signals and controls facial expressions

It acts as a bridge between different parts of the nervous system.

Question 18

What is the role of the midbrain?

Answer 18

Processing visual and auditory information

It contains structures like the colliculi for sensory processing.

Question 19

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 19

Analyzes almost all types of sensory information

It also assesses the significance of information and is involved in pain perception.

Question 20

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 20

Regulates hunger and thirst, controls autonomic functions

It has anterior (parasympathetic) and posterior (sympathetic) nuclei.

Question 21

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 21

Body posture, muscle tone, and coordination of movements

It helps in fine-tuning motor activities.

Question 22

What is the limbic system associated with?

Answer 22

Emotional evaluation of situations

It is involved in processing emotions like fear, rage, and pleasure.