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интервю преп Flashcards

1
Q

Name of A. Dougall’s research

A

the impact of covid 19 on access to dental care for people with disabilities

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2
Q

aim of A. dougall’s research

A

to report the impact worldwide of covid-19 on the delivery of healthcare to people with disabilities before, during and after the 1st lockdown.

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3
Q

how was data analysed in A. dougall’s research? describe the test

A

McNemar’s test
- statistical test used on paired data.
- during lockdown and before to during lockdown and after

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4
Q

how many dentists were surveyed for dougall’s research

A

436

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5
Q

what type of dentists were surveyed for dougall’s research?

A

SCD - special care dentists

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6
Q

results of dougalls research

A
  • reduction from before to during and from before to after lockdown in proportion of dentists treating people with all types of disability and the number of patients with disabilities seen per week
  • LACK of pharmacological support rose from 22% pre to 61% during and 44% after
  • Teledentistry increased
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7
Q

conclusion of dougall’s research

A

people with disabilities had very limited access to dental care
- people of determination already experienced a lot of barriers to dental care due to inequity in interactions with oral healthcare services

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8
Q

MY conclusion from dougall’s research

A
  • more attention needs to be diverted to people of determination.
    the lack of pharmacological support being 22% prior to covid 19 leaves a lot of people with disabilities without dental care
  • this issue could be escalated in dental forums or the EU parliament
  • the increase in tele dentistry highlights the key role of technology in catering to patients. in order to stay abreast of this approach to patients, I would ensure to attend various courses teaching how to apply tele dentistry as a future practitioner. We need to be open minded to technological shifts in dentistry in the future.
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9
Q

tell me about current affair in dentistry

A

4th march
- researchers have discovered non-invasive method to diagnose oral cancer in its early stages
- at the site of the suspected oral lesions, on inspection one of the proteins present was expressed in high levels and the other was expressed in lower levels to the regular.
- an index was created combining the expression levels of either proteins.
- biopsies would be reduced by 95% as they would tell the clinician who really needs a biopsy
- this lab-based approach inspired development of a POC device, which can directly be used in the clinic to give the index developed.

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10
Q

tell me about political current affair in dentistry

A

13th February
- a new manifesto was launched, promoting good oral health and wellbeing for all people in the EU
- why does it matter? according to the EU, oral conditions are the most common NCDs in Europe - account for 50% of all adult population.
- oral conditions are linked to other NCDs such as paradontitis being linked to heart attack/stroke
- oral conditions impact people throughout their lives; whether speaking, eating, sleeping or just pain in general. children are also 2x to perform poorly.
- oral conditions impact the most vulnerable populations

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11
Q

what is systemic health + in context of dentistry

A

how the entire body is affected by a condition, not solely one organ.
- in context of dentistry - how oral health affects overall health.

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12
Q

what is central for DDUH

A

reserach + delivering 1,2,3 dental care

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13
Q

values of DDUH

A
  1. student-patient centred
  2. evidence based
  3. caring
  4. impact orientated
  5. integrity
  6. equity
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14
Q

how many citations of DDUH

A

17000 citations from 18-22

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15
Q

how many patients visit per year

A

over 113,000 patients visit for primary secondary and treaty care annually

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16
Q

what is 1,2,3 care

A

1ry care: measures carried out to prevent disease
2ry: treatment of early disease to prevent irreversible damage
3ry: methods to replace lost tissues and rehabilitate function

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17
Q

national oral health policy?

A
  • health and oral health promotion and protection programmes
  • oral healthcare service provision
  • evaluation of oral health in the population
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18
Q

new improved oral health policy

A

two goals:
- enables every individual to achieve the personal best oral health via providing support
- reduce oral health inequalities across the population by enabling vulnerable groups to access oral healthcare and improve oral health.

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19
Q

clinical services of DDUH

A
  • milling machines
  • 3d printing machines
  • scanning technologies
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20
Q

Tcd research themes

A
  1. inequalities in oral health
  2. regenerative dentisry + biomaterials
  3. microbiology and microbiomes
  4. oral cancer
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21
Q

one of the biggest threats to DDUH is…

A

cyber attacks
- should strengthen their security defences

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22
Q

what is name of g. Fleming research

A

modification of the restoration protocol for resin based composite restoratives on cusp movement

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23
Q

what is bunk fill resin composite

A

light cured resin composites that can be placed in layers of 4-5mm of depth

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24
Q

why use bulk-fill?

A

amalgam takes much less time than regular resin to place, so bulk fill reduces the time takes for the resin to be placed

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25
Q

what is cuspal deflection

A

result of interactions between polymerisation shrinkage of the composite and elastic deformation of cavity wall

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26
Q

what is microleakage

A

diffusion of bacteria oral fluids ions and molecules between the tooth and restorative or filling material

27
Q

how was the new protocol tested/assesed?

A

micro leakage scores were compared between old and new protocol; the restored teeth were thermally fatigued to see how this would affect the resin; then they were dyed and observed for micro leakage.

28
Q

how did Fleming’s research inspire you?

A

I was very fascinated by the polymerisation shrinkage of the resin, and the change from amalgam to resin, hence I presented about that in dentistry society.

29
Q

population of dublin

A

544,107 - roughly 544,000

30
Q

London population

A

8.982 million

31
Q

new grange how old

A

5,200 - passage tomb in the Boyne Valley

32
Q

what is newgrange best known for

A

illumination of the passage by the solstice sun (this is when either of the earths poles reach maximum tilt away from the sun)

33
Q

when was great famine

A

1845-52

34
Q

what happened during the great famine?

A

starvation, disease and emigration
- potato crop which a 1/3 of Ireland’s population relied on was infected by a disease destroying the crop

35
Q

how many people died during great famine?

A

10^6

36
Q

PTFE facts

A
  • 400% its original length
  • non-stick application and removal
  • inert to acid etching
  • clear so it does not have to be removed unlike the conventional matrices made out of metal or plastic; therfore no risk of change of shape.
  • can be used to fill a cavity opening of a multiple visit root canal treatment - before cotton was used, but since the tape is hydrophobic, it doesn’t get soaked so its much more useful.
37
Q

LASER what does it stand for

A

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

38
Q

LASERS knowledge

A

two types: HPL and LPL
- HPL used for soft or bone periodontal surgeries
- used to remove dentine impreganted with calculus
- LPL - used to eradicate bacteria found in the socket of the affected tooth
- accelerates the repair of the damaged tissue, reduces pain

39
Q

why are LPL used?

A

PBM action
- therapy that uses light in the visible or infrared spectrum
- this therapy causes increased vascularisation therefore the reduced pain and inflammation and accelerated repair.

40
Q

what bacteria cause gingivitis

A

streptococcus and fusobacterium

41
Q

what happens in periodontal disease

A

the PDL are destroyed, therefore causing recession of the gum and the tooth to be loose out of its socket.

42
Q

types of periodontal disese

A
  1. drug induced
  2. plaque induced - plaque is a thin film that forms on the surface of the tooth due to poor oral hygiene
  3. hormonal gingivitis
  4. nutritional gingivitis
43
Q

what would you like to research on? LONG

A
  • the use of saliva in the early detection of conditions such as oral cancer
  • I want to develop a device which can be used directly in clinics to give a detailed overview of the patient’s saliva’s composition in terms of bacteria found.
  • this device therefore could be used for more than just the detection of oral cancer
  • saliva is a mirror of our body
  • the early diagnosis can prevent further progression of the condition.
  • it is non-invasive and it can reduce patient anxiety and discomfort; furthermore saliva is very easy to collect in sufficient amounts.
  • THIS RESEARCH WOULD ALIGN WITH TRINITY’S RESEARCH THEME OF ORAL CANCER AND THE MCROBIOMES (SPEC. ORAL)
44
Q

What would you like to research SHORT?

A

the use of different lasers of different wavelengths and what each wavelength would be best at eradicating which bacteria

45
Q

what two diseases are associated with oral conditions in particular?

A
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • diabetes
46
Q

how does periodontal disease cause other diseases

A
  • inflammation in the oral cavity = higher numbers of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream
  • immune response of the body is affected
  • bacteria at site: reservoir of bacteria that enters the bloodstream
47
Q

difference between gingivitis and periodontitis

A
  • gingivitis - early stage of paradontitis
48
Q

how EXACTLY does periodontitis cause heart disease

A

the inflammation of the gum causes the cardiovascular system reacts by increasing the amounts of fats and cholesterol in the bloodstream. these fats/cholesterol can build up in the coronary arteries causing plaques. then atherosclerosis at more advanced stages.

49
Q

what exactly is PBL approach?

A
  • students are given an open-ended problem
  • work in groups to solve it
  • more active method of teaching
50
Q

what is open flap surgery

A
  • an incision is made, then the pocket is cleaned so that the bacteria can be eradicated
  • it is sutured back
  • this is used when non-invasive procedures do NOT work
  • performed under local anaesthetic
51
Q

what are periodontal pockets

A
  • gum that has separated from the tooth causing an unclean able region where bacteria can accumulate
52
Q

sedation vs local anaesthetic

A

L.A. - used to numb a specific area/tooth
sedation - used to calm patient down and relieve pain at the same time - eg. nitrous oxide.

53
Q

trigeminal nerve

A
  • fifth cranial nerve and the largest one too
  • administering anaesthesia there causes numbness
  • responsible for the scalp, face, corneas of the eyes, sinuses and insides of the mouth and nose.
54
Q

when was mobile dental clinic launched

A

April of 2023 in UAE

55
Q

by whom was dental mobile clinic launched

A

emirates health services

56
Q

tell me about the mobile dental clinicS you know of?

A
  • the one launched by EHS - seven are currently available
  • used by patients that have disabilities and cannot go to hospital
  • light-weight design
  • ## form of suitcase - has a dental chair, doctor’s chair, operating tools.
  • heavy duty trucks are also used - can be used to reach rural areas
  • have x-rays
  • can carry out root canals, extractions, fillings of all types.
57
Q

what is tele dentistry definition

A

use of interactive audio, video, data communications to provide and support dental care delivery, diagnosis, consultation, treatment, transfer of dental information and education

58
Q

advantages of teledentistry

A
  • cost-effective
  • can be used for areas that have limited access to dental care
  • can improve awareness on oral health/dental hygiene
59
Q

methods of teledentistry

A
  • synchronous - live video
  • asynchronous - transmission of recorded health information
  • mHealth - consultations via mobile prones
  • remote patient monitoring
60
Q

cons of teledentistry

A
  • have to have internet access
  • technical errors may cause misinterpretations of images
  • depends on quality of technology
61
Q

volunteering opportunities

A

DOVE - dental overseas voluntary electives
- fourth year of studies at TCD
- students raise money to finance their trip through eg talent shows
- in 2013, one group went to Cambodia and visited orphanages and rural provinces
—
International volunteer HQ
- over 130,000 volunteers to date
- Costa Rica, Guatemala, peru, india
—
GoEco volunteering programme
- Sri Lanka’s coast
- lasts roughly about 1-12 weeks

62
Q

how would volunteering help you?

A
  • be more culturally competent with my treatment as a future practitioner
  • explore dental treatment in a resource poor environment - therefore challenge me to think critically
63
Q

what forums

A

Hawaiian dental forum
- teach current techniques and technology applicable to Gds that have been backed by evidence
- help professionals meet their continuing dental education requirements
—
SmileCon
- 3,100 dentists
- 1,800 dental team
- event for future-forward-thinking exhibitors to show off and sell
—
Irish dental association conference
- 2-day conference
- pre-conference hands-on courses.

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