ИКТ Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of an operating system?
Managing hardware resources
1 Which of the following is not a major type of operating system?
A) Graphical operating system
B)Web based operaring system
Which operating system is known for its open-source nature and is commonly used in servers and
embedded systems?
Linux
- «…”. is the main function of a device driver in an operating system.
Manage hardware resources
Which of the following is not a major type of operating system?
Web-based operating system
What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?
Interacting with hardware
Which operating system is known for its open-source nature and is often used in server
environments?
Linux
«…” does the acronym GUI stand for in the context of operating systems
Graphic User Interface
In the context of operating systems, what is a process?
An independent program or task
Which of the following is NOT a common function of an operating system?
) Graphics design
«…” is the purpose of a file system in an operating system
To organize and manage files on storage devices
Which type of kernel architecture separates core functions into separate modules, enhancing
modularity?
Microkernel
What is the primary purpose of an operating system?
Managing hardware resources
- «…” is software.
The programs and data used by a computer
Which of the following is an example of system software?
Windows Operating System
What type of software allows you to perform specific tasks, such as word processing or
spreadsheet calculations?
Application software
Which software is designed to protect a computer from viruses, malware, and other security
threats?
Antivirus software
“…” is open-source software.
Software whose source code is freely available, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute it.
Which of the following is an example of a proprietary software?
Microsoft Office
What does the term “freeware” mean in the context of software?
Software that is always free and has no restrictions on its usage.
Which software category includes tools for managing and maintaining the computer’s hardware
and software components?
Utility software
What is the purpose of a web browser software?
To access and view websites and web content.
Which software type provides a bridge between the user and the computer hardware, managing
resources and facilitating communication between the two?
System software
What is software?
) A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do
Which of the following is an example of system software?
Windows Operating System
“…” type of software is designed for specific tasks, such as word processing or graphic design.
Application software
Which of the following is an example of freeware?
VLC Media Player
What is the purpose of an operating system’s utility software?
To* maintain *and optimize system performance
- Which type of software is permanently stored in hardware and cannot be easily updated or
changed?
Firmware
“…” is the term for software that is distributed for free, but users are encouraged to make
voluntary payments if they find it useful.
) Shareware
Which of the following programming languages is commonly used for developing mobile
applications?
Java
What is the role of a software license?
To specify the terms and conditions under which the software can be used
“…” is the central processing unit (CPU) responsible for in a computer system.
Performing calculations and executing instructions
- Which component of a computer system is responsible for temporarily storing data that the CPU
is actively using?
RAM (Random Access Memory)
That is the purpose of the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in a computer system
Initializing hardware components and booting the computer
- Which type of storage device is known for its fast data access times but is typically smaller in
capacity compared to traditional hard drives?
SSD (Solid State Driv
What is the purpose of the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) in a computer system?
) Displaying graphics and rendering images
Which computer architecture uses a single central processing unit to execute instructions one at a
time?
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
What is the purpose of the bus in a computer system?
To transfer data between hardware components
- In a von Neumann architecture, which two major components share the same memory for both
program instructions and data?
) CPU and RAM
- What is the primary role of the power supply unit (PSU) in a computer system?
Converting electricity from the wall outlet to power the computer’s components
What is the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer responsible for?
Executing instructions and performing calculations
- Which component of a computer’s architecture stores data and programs for the short term,
allowing the CPU to access them quickly?
RAM (Random Access Memory)
What is the purpose of the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in a computer’s architecture?
) To initialize and test hardware components during startup
Which of the following is responsible for converting digital data to analog signals for
transmission over telephone lines?
Modem (Modulator-Demodulator)
What does GPU stand for in the context of computer architecture?
) Graphical Processing Unit
Which computer architecture component is responsible for managing input and output devices
such as keyboards, mice, and printers?
I/O Controller
- In a von Neumann architecture, what is the primary characteristic?
It stores data and instructions together in the same memory.
What is the purpose of the system bus in computer architecture?
To transfer data and instructions between CPU, memory, and peripheral devices
Which computer architecture component is responsible for providing electrical power to the
computer’s internal components?
PSU (Power Supply Unit)
What does HCI stand for in the context of computer systems?
Human-Computer Interaction
- Which of the following is an example of a graphical user interface (GUI)?
The Windows desktop with icons and windows
What is the primary purpose of an operating system’s user interface?
What is the primary purpose of an operating system’s user interface?
Which of the following input devices is commonly used for pointing and selecting objects on the
screen in a GUI?
) Mouse
What is the purpose of a touch screen interface?
To allow users to interact with a screen by touching it
Which type of interface relies on physical sensations like vibrations or forces to provide feedback
to the user?
Haptic interface
In a voice recognition interface, what is the main mode of input?
Speaking commands or text aloud
What is the benefit of using a natural language interface in human-computer interaction?
It allows users to communicate with the computer using everyday language
- Which of the following is an example of an assistive technology interface designed for
individuals with disabilities?
Screen reader software
Screen reader software
To display a list of options for the user to choose from
- What is the primary role of Microsoft Access in a medical database system?
) To manage and organize medical data
Which of the following best describes the purpose of an Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
system?
) Storing and organizing patient health information electronically
In a medical database, what type of information is typically stored in the “Patient Information”
table?
Patient demographics and medical history
What is the primary function of the “Reports” feature in Microsoft Access for medical databases?
To generate customized reports, such as patient summaries or billing statements
- In the context of medical databases, what is the significance of data validation rules?
They ensure data accuracy and consistency by enforcing data entry rules.
What is network topology?
The arrangement of network devices and connections
Which network topology is characterized by a central hub or switch with all devices connected to
it directly?
) Star
In a bus topology, how are devices connected to the main cable?
They connect directly to the main cable.
What is a disadvantage of a ring topology?
If one device fails, the entire network can fail.
Which network topology provides the highest level of redundancy and fault tolerance?
Mesh
Which network topology connects all devices to a central hub or switch, forming a star-like
structure?
Star topology
- In which network topology does each device connect to exactly two other devices, forming a
circular structure?
) Ring topology
What type of network topology connects each device to every other device in the network,
creating redundancy and reliability?
Mesh topology
Which network topology uses a central cable to which all devices are connected, and data is
transmitted to all devices on the network?
Bus topology
In which network topology does a combination of two or more different topologies connect to
form a larger network structure?
) Hybrid topology
What is the process of examining, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful
information, draw conclusions, and support decision-making called?
Data storage
- Which statistical measure represents the middle value of a dataset and is not affected by extreme
outliers?
Median
- In data analysis, what does the acronym “EDA” stand for?
Exploratory Data Analysis
Which data analysis technique involves finding patterns and relationships in data to make
predictions about future outcomes?
Predictive analysis
What is the term for the graphical representation of data using bars to compare values in different
categories?
Bar chart
What is the primary goal of data analysis?
Extracting useful insights and information from data
Which statistical measure represents the average of a dataset and is often used in data analysis?
Mean
- In data analysis, what does the term “correlation” refer to?
The strength and direction of a relationship between two variables
Which data analysis technique is used to discover hidden patterns or groups within a dataset?
Clustering
What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in data analysis?
To determine if a particular assumption about a population is valid or not
What is the first step in the data analysis process?
Collecting data
Which statistical measure is used to describe the central tendency of a dataset?
Median
What is the term for a graphical representation of data that displays the distribution of values
along a continuous scale?
Histogram
Which data analysis technique is used to identify patterns or relationships in data through
machine learning algorithms?
Clustering analysis
What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in data analysis?
) To determine the statistical significance of an observed effect
Which of the following devices is commonly used to connect multiple computers in a local area
network (LAN)?
Switch
What does the acronym “LAN” stand for in the context of computer networks?
) Local Area Network
Which networking protocol is commonly used for sending and receiving emails?
) SMTP
What is the primary purpose of a modem in a telecommunications system?
To convert digital data to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines
Which networking protocol is used to retrieve web pages from the World Wide Web?
HTTP
- What does “ISP” stand for in the context of networks and telecommunications?
) Internet Service Provider
Which network protocol is commonly used for sending and receiving emails?
SMTP
In telecommunications, what is the term for the modulation technique that allows digital data to
be transmitted over analog telephone lines?
A) Modem
What technology is used to transmit data wirelessly over short distances between devices such as
smartphones and headphones?
Bluetooth
What does “VoIP” stand for in the context of telecommunications?
Voice over Internet Protocol
What does “IP” stand for in the context of IP addressing?
) Internet Protocol
Which version of IP addresses is the most widely used and currently the dominant protocol on the
internet?
IP version 4 (IPv4)
How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
32 bits
Which type of IP address is used to identify a specific device on a local network, typically
assigned by a router?
Private IP address
What is the purpose of subnetting in IP addressing?
To divide a large network into smaller, manageable segments
What does “IP” stand for in the context of IP addressing?
) Internet Protocol
What is the purpose of an IP address in computer networking?
To identify a specific computer or device on a network
Which version of the Internet Protocol introduced 128-bit IP addresses?
IPv6
In IPv4, how many bits are used to represent an IP address?
) 32 bits
What is the purpose of the subnet mask in IP addressing?
To specify the network portion of an IP address
What is the primary goal of cybersecurity?
To protect computer systems and data from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage
What is a common method of authentication used in cybersecurity to verify a user’s identity?
Passwords
Which cybersecurity practice involves making multiple copies of data to ensure it can be restored
in case of data loss or cyberattacks?
Data backup
What is the term for a malicious program or code that is disguised as a legitimate software
application and can harm a computer system?
Malware
- Which cybersecurity concept involves limiting the access rights of users and systems to only the
necessary resources for their legitimate tasks?
Least privilege principle
- In spreadsheet editors like Microsoft Excel, what is the purpose of a formula?
To perform calculations using numerical data in cells
- Which function in spreadsheet software is used to find the highest value in a range of cells?
MAX
What is the purpose of the “AutoFill” feature in spreadsheet editors?
To automatically generate a sequence of values or dates
In a spreadsheet, which type of chart is best suited for showing the relationship between two sets
of data?
Line chart
What does it mean to “freeze” panes in a spreadsheet editor?
To lock specific rows or columns in place while scrolling through the sheet
- In a spreadsheet editor, what is the purpose of a formula?
- In a spreadsheet editor, what is the purpose of a formula?
- In a spreadsheet editor, what is the purpose of a formula?
) $
In spreadsheet editors like Microsoft Excel, what is the function of the SUM function?
) To perform addition on a selected range of cells
Which type of chart is best suited for showing the distribution of data points and identifying
outliers?
Scatter plot
What does it mean to “format” a cell in a spreadsheet editor?
To apply styling, such as font, color, and number format, to a cell
What is the primary purpose of MS PowerPoint in creating presentations?
To create and deliver visual presentations
What is a slide master in MS PowerPoint used for?
) To define the overall layout and formatting for all slides in a presentation
What is a transition in MS PowerPoint?
A visual effect used to move from one slide to the next during a presentation
- Which view in MS PowerPoint allows you to see and organize all the slides in a presentation as
thumbnails?
Slide Sorter view
What is the purpose of speaker notes in MS PowerPoint?
To provide additional information or reminders for the presenter
- What is the primary purpose of MS PowerPoint?
To design and deliver visual presentations
Which tab in MS PowerPoint is used to access slide layouts, themes, and transitions?
Design
What is the default extension for saving a PowerPoint presentation?
A) .pptx
Which feature in MS PowerPoint allows you to rehearse and time your presentation?
) Presenter View
What is the purpose of the “Slide Master” in MS PowerPoint?
To define the overall look and formatting of slides in a presentation
What does HTML stand for?
Hypertext Markup Language
Which HTML tag is used to create a hyperlink?
<a></a>
What is the purpose of HTML tags?
To create and structure the content of web pages
Which HTML tag is used for creating an unordered list?
<ul>
</ul>
- What does the HTML <img></img> tag represent?
) An image
What does HTML stand for?
) Hypertext Markup Language
- Which HTML tag is used to create a hyperlink?
<a></a>
What is the purpose of HTML tags?
) To provide semantic meaning and structure to content
Which HTML element is used to define the structure of a webpage, such as headings, paragraphs,
and lists?
<body>
</body>
In HTML, what does the <img></img> tag represent?
) An image
What is data management?
) The practice of organizing and maintaining digital data throughout its lifecycle
What is the purpose of data classification in data management?
To categorize data based on its sensitivity and importance
What is a data repository in the context of data management?
A database management system
- What does the term “data governance” refer to in data management?
The practice of managing data as an organizational asset
- In data management, what is data deduplication?
The act of removing duplicate or redundant data entries
