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Семинар 1 > ИКТ > Flashcards

ИКТ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

A

Managing hardware resources

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2
Q

1 Which of the following is not a major type of operating system?

A

A) Graphical operating system
B)Web based operaring system

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3
Q

Which operating system is known for its open-source nature and is commonly used in servers and
embedded systems?

A

Linux

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4
Q
  • «…”. is the main function of a device driver in an operating system.
A

Manage hardware resources

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a major type of operating system?

A

Web-based operating system

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6
Q

What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?

A

Interacting with hardware

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7
Q

Which operating system is known for its open-source nature and is often used in server
environments?

A

Linux

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8
Q

«…” does the acronym GUI stand for in the context of operating systems

A

Graphic User Interface

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9
Q

In the context of operating systems, what is a process?

A

An independent program or task

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common function of an operating system?

A

) Graphics design

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11
Q

«…” is the purpose of a file system in an operating system

A

To organize and manage files on storage devices

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12
Q

Which type of kernel architecture separates core functions into separate modules, enhancing
modularity?

A

Microkernel

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13
Q

What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

A

Managing hardware resources

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14
Q
  • «…” is software.
A

The programs and data used by a computer

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15
Q

Which of the following is an example of system software?

A

Windows Operating System

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16
Q

What type of software allows you to perform specific tasks, such as word processing or
spreadsheet calculations?

A

Application software

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17
Q

Which software is designed to protect a computer from viruses, malware, and other security
threats?

A

Antivirus software

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18
Q

“…” is open-source software.

A

Software whose source code is freely available, allowing anyone to view, modify, and distribute it.

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19
Q

Which of the following is an example of a proprietary software?

A

Microsoft Office

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20
Q

What does the term “freeware” mean in the context of software?

A

Software that is always free and has no restrictions on its usage.

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21
Q

Which software category includes tools for managing and maintaining the computer’s hardware
and software components?

A

Utility software

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a web browser software?

A

To access and view websites and web content.

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23
Q

Which software type provides a bridge between the user and the computer hardware, managing
resources and facilitating communication between the two?

A

System software

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24
Q

What is software?

A

) A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do

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25
Q

Which of the following is an example of system software?

A

Windows Operating System

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26
Q

“…” type of software is designed for specific tasks, such as word processing or graphic design.

A

Application software

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27
Q

Which of the following is an example of freeware?

A

VLC Media Player

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28
Q

What is the purpose of an operating system’s utility software?

A

To* maintain *and optimize system performance

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29
Q
  • Which type of software is permanently stored in hardware and cannot be easily updated or
    changed?
A

Firmware

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30
Q

“…” is the term for software that is distributed for free, but users are encouraged to make
voluntary payments if they find it useful.

A

) Shareware

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31
Q

Which of the following programming languages is commonly used for developing mobile
applications?

A

Java

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32
Q

What is the role of a software license?

A

To specify the terms and conditions under which the software can be used

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33
Q

“…” is the central processing unit (CPU) responsible for in a computer system.

A

Performing calculations and executing instructions

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34
Q
  • Which component of a computer system is responsible for temporarily storing data that the CPU
    is actively using?
A

RAM (Random Access Memory)

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35
Q

That is the purpose of the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in a computer system

A

Initializing hardware components and booting the computer

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36
Q
  • Which type of storage device is known for its fast data access times but is typically smaller in
    capacity compared to traditional hard drives?
A

SSD (Solid State Driv

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37
Q

What is the purpose of the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) in a computer system?

A

) Displaying graphics and rendering images

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38
Q

Which computer architecture uses a single central processing unit to execute instructions one at a
time?

A

CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)

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39
Q

What is the purpose of the bus in a computer system?

A

To transfer data between hardware components

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40
Q
  • In a von Neumann architecture, which two major components share the same memory for both
    program instructions and data?
A

) CPU and RAM

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41
Q
  • What is the primary role of the power supply unit (PSU) in a computer system?
A

Converting electricity from the wall outlet to power the computer’s components

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42
Q

What is the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer responsible for?

A

Executing instructions and performing calculations

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43
Q
  • Which component of a computer’s architecture stores data and programs for the short term,
    allowing the CPU to access them quickly?
A

RAM (Random Access Memory)

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44
Q

What is the purpose of the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in a computer’s architecture?

A

) To initialize and test hardware components during startup

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45
Q

Which of the following is responsible for converting digital data to analog signals for
transmission over telephone lines?

A

Modem (Modulator-Demodulator)

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46
Q

What does GPU stand for in the context of computer architecture?

A

) Graphical Processing Unit

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47
Q

Which computer architecture component is responsible for managing input and output devices
such as keyboards, mice, and printers?

A

I/O Controller

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48
Q
  • In a von Neumann architecture, what is the primary characteristic?
A

It stores data and instructions together in the same memory.

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49
Q

What is the purpose of the system bus in computer architecture?

A

To transfer data and instructions between CPU, memory, and peripheral devices

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50
Q

Which computer architecture component is responsible for providing electrical power to the
computer’s internal components?

A

PSU (Power Supply Unit)

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51
Q

What does HCI stand for in the context of computer systems?

A

Human-Computer Interaction

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52
Q
  • Which of the following is an example of a graphical user interface (GUI)?
A

The Windows desktop with icons and windows

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53
Q

What is the primary purpose of an operating system’s user interface?

A

What is the primary purpose of an operating system’s user interface?

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54
Q

Which of the following input devices is commonly used for pointing and selecting objects on the
screen in a GUI?

A

) Mouse

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55
Q

What is the purpose of a touch screen interface?

A

To allow users to interact with a screen by touching it

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56
Q

Which type of interface relies on physical sensations like vibrations or forces to provide feedback
to the user?

A

Haptic interface

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57
Q

In a voice recognition interface, what is the main mode of input?

A

Speaking commands or text aloud

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58
Q

What is the benefit of using a natural language interface in human-computer interaction?

A

It allows users to communicate with the computer using everyday language

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59
Q
  • Which of the following is an example of an assistive technology interface designed for
    individuals with disabilities?
A

Screen reader software

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60
Q

Screen reader software

A

To display a list of options for the user to choose from

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61
Q
  • What is the primary role of Microsoft Access in a medical database system?
A

) To manage and organize medical data

62
Q

Which of the following best describes the purpose of an Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
system?

A

) Storing and organizing patient health information electronically

63
Q

In a medical database, what type of information is typically stored in the “Patient Information”
table?

A

Patient demographics and medical history

64
Q

What is the primary function of the “Reports” feature in Microsoft Access for medical databases?

A

To generate customized reports, such as patient summaries or billing statements

65
Q
  • In the context of medical databases, what is the significance of data validation rules?
A

They ensure data accuracy and consistency by enforcing data entry rules.

66
Q

What is network topology?

A

The arrangement of network devices and connections

67
Q

Which network topology is characterized by a central hub or switch with all devices connected to
it directly?

A

) Star

68
Q

In a bus topology, how are devices connected to the main cable?

A

They connect directly to the main cable.

69
Q

What is a disadvantage of a ring topology?

A

If one device fails, the entire network can fail.

70
Q

Which network topology provides the highest level of redundancy and fault tolerance?

A

Mesh

71
Q

Which network topology connects all devices to a central hub or switch, forming a star-like
structure?

A

Star topology

72
Q
  • In which network topology does each device connect to exactly two other devices, forming a
    circular structure?
A

) Ring topology

73
Q

What type of network topology connects each device to every other device in the network,
creating redundancy and reliability?

A

Mesh topology

74
Q

Which network topology uses a central cable to which all devices are connected, and data is
transmitted to all devices on the network?

A

Bus topology

75
Q

In which network topology does a combination of two or more different topologies connect to
form a larger network structure?

A

) Hybrid topology

76
Q

What is the process of examining, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful
information, draw conclusions, and support decision-making called?

A

Data storage

77
Q
  • Which statistical measure represents the middle value of a dataset and is not affected by extreme
    outliers?
A

Median

78
Q
  • In data analysis, what does the acronym “EDA” stand for?
A

Exploratory Data Analysis

79
Q

Which data analysis technique involves finding patterns and relationships in data to make
predictions about future outcomes?

A

Predictive analysis

80
Q

What is the term for the graphical representation of data using bars to compare values in different
categories?

A

Bar chart

81
Q

What is the primary goal of data analysis?

A

Extracting useful insights and information from data

82
Q

Which statistical measure represents the average of a dataset and is often used in data analysis?

A

Mean

83
Q
  • In data analysis, what does the term “correlation” refer to?
A

The strength and direction of a relationship between two variables

84
Q

Which data analysis technique is used to discover hidden patterns or groups within a dataset?

A

Clustering

85
Q

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in data analysis?

A

To determine if a particular assumption about a population is valid or not

86
Q

What is the first step in the data analysis process?

A

Collecting data

87
Q

Which statistical measure is used to describe the central tendency of a dataset?

A

Median

88
Q

What is the term for a graphical representation of data that displays the distribution of values
along a continuous scale?

A

Histogram

89
Q

Which data analysis technique is used to identify patterns or relationships in data through
machine learning algorithms?

A

Clustering analysis

90
Q

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in data analysis?

A

) To determine the statistical significance of an observed effect

91
Q

Which of the following devices is commonly used to connect multiple computers in a local area
network (LAN)?

A

Switch

92
Q

What does the acronym “LAN” stand for in the context of computer networks?

A

) Local Area Network

93
Q

Which networking protocol is commonly used for sending and receiving emails?

A

) SMTP

94
Q

What is the primary purpose of a modem in a telecommunications system?

A

To convert digital data to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines

95
Q

Which networking protocol is used to retrieve web pages from the World Wide Web?

A

HTTP

96
Q
  • What does “ISP” stand for in the context of networks and telecommunications?
A

) Internet Service Provider

97
Q

Which network protocol is commonly used for sending and receiving emails?

A

SMTP

98
Q

In telecommunications, what is the term for the modulation technique that allows digital data to
be transmitted over analog telephone lines?

A

A) Modem

99
Q

What technology is used to transmit data wirelessly over short distances between devices such as
smartphones and headphones?

A

Bluetooth

100
Q

What does “VoIP” stand for in the context of telecommunications?

A

Voice over Internet Protocol

101
Q

What does “IP” stand for in the context of IP addressing?

A

) Internet Protocol

102
Q

Which version of IP addresses is the most widely used and currently the dominant protocol on the
internet?

A

IP version 4 (IPv4)

103
Q

How many bits are in an IPv4 address?

A

32 bits

104
Q

Which type of IP address is used to identify a specific device on a local network, typically
assigned by a router?

A

Private IP address

105
Q

What is the purpose of subnetting in IP addressing?

A

To divide a large network into smaller, manageable segments

106
Q

What does “IP” stand for in the context of IP addressing?

A

) Internet Protocol

107
Q

What is the purpose of an IP address in computer networking?

A

To identify a specific computer or device on a network

108
Q

Which version of the Internet Protocol introduced 128-bit IP addresses?

A

IPv6

109
Q

In IPv4, how many bits are used to represent an IP address?

A

) 32 bits

110
Q

What is the purpose of the subnet mask in IP addressing?

A

To specify the network portion of an IP address

111
Q

What is the primary goal of cybersecurity?

A

To protect computer systems and data from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage

112
Q

What is a common method of authentication used in cybersecurity to verify a user’s identity?

A

Passwords

113
Q

Which cybersecurity practice involves making multiple copies of data to ensure it can be restored
in case of data loss or cyberattacks?

A

Data backup

114
Q

What is the term for a malicious program or code that is disguised as a legitimate software
application and can harm a computer system?

A

Malware

115
Q
  • Which cybersecurity concept involves limiting the access rights of users and systems to only the
    necessary resources for their legitimate tasks?
A

Least privilege principle

116
Q
  • In spreadsheet editors like Microsoft Excel, what is the purpose of a formula?
A

To perform calculations using numerical data in cells

117
Q
  • Which function in spreadsheet software is used to find the highest value in a range of cells?
A

MAX

118
Q

What is the purpose of the “AutoFill” feature in spreadsheet editors?

A

To automatically generate a sequence of values or dates

119
Q

In a spreadsheet, which type of chart is best suited for showing the relationship between two sets
of data?

A

Line chart

120
Q

What does it mean to “freeze” panes in a spreadsheet editor?

A

To lock specific rows or columns in place while scrolling through the sheet

121
Q
  • In a spreadsheet editor, what is the purpose of a formula?
A
  • In a spreadsheet editor, what is the purpose of a formula?
122
Q
  • In a spreadsheet editor, what is the purpose of a formula?
A

) $

123
Q

In spreadsheet editors like Microsoft Excel, what is the function of the SUM function?

A

) To perform addition on a selected range of cells

124
Q

Which type of chart is best suited for showing the distribution of data points and identifying
outliers?

A

Scatter plot

125
Q

What does it mean to “format” a cell in a spreadsheet editor?

A

To apply styling, such as font, color, and number format, to a cell

126
Q

What is the primary purpose of MS PowerPoint in creating presentations?

A

To create and deliver visual presentations

127
Q

What is a slide master in MS PowerPoint used for?

A

) To define the overall layout and formatting for all slides in a presentation

128
Q

What is a transition in MS PowerPoint?

A

A visual effect used to move from one slide to the next during a presentation

129
Q
  • Which view in MS PowerPoint allows you to see and organize all the slides in a presentation as
    thumbnails?
A

Slide Sorter view

130
Q

What is the purpose of speaker notes in MS PowerPoint?

A

To provide additional information or reminders for the presenter

131
Q
  • What is the primary purpose of MS PowerPoint?
A

To design and deliver visual presentations

132
Q

Which tab in MS PowerPoint is used to access slide layouts, themes, and transitions?

A

Design

133
Q

What is the default extension for saving a PowerPoint presentation?

A

A) .pptx

134
Q

Which feature in MS PowerPoint allows you to rehearse and time your presentation?

A

) Presenter View

135
Q

What is the purpose of the “Slide Master” in MS PowerPoint?

A

To define the overall look and formatting of slides in a presentation

136
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A

Hypertext Markup Language

137
Q

Which HTML tag is used to create a hyperlink?

A

<a></a>

138
Q

What is the purpose of HTML tags?

A

To create and structure the content of web pages

139
Q

Which HTML tag is used for creating an unordered list?

A

<ul>
</ul>

140
Q
  • What does the HTML <img></img> tag represent?
A

) An image

141
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A

) Hypertext Markup Language

142
Q
  • Which HTML tag is used to create a hyperlink?
A

<a></a>

143
Q

What is the purpose of HTML tags?

A

) To provide semantic meaning and structure to content

144
Q

Which HTML element is used to define the structure of a webpage, such as headings, paragraphs,
and lists?

A

<body>
</body>

145
Q

In HTML, what does the <img></img> tag represent?

A

) An image

146
Q

What is data management?

A

) The practice of organizing and maintaining digital data throughout its lifecycle

147
Q

What is the purpose of data classification in data management?

A

To categorize data based on its sensitivity and importance

148
Q

What is a data repository in the context of data management?

A

A database management system

149
Q
  • What does the term “data governance” refer to in data management?
A

The practice of managing data as an organizational asset

150
Q
  • In data management, what is data deduplication?
A

The act of removing duplicate or redundant data entries

151
Q
A

Семинар 1 (7 decks)

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