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Chem test Review #1 > #! > Flashcards

#! Flashcards

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1
Q

Properties of a Solid : (Shape, Volume, Expansion, Compressibility)

A

Incompressible, Compressible, Slight, Almost Cannot

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2
Q

Properties of a Liquid : (Shape, Volume, Expansion, Compressibility)

A

Compressible, Incompressible, Moderate, Almost Cannot

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3
Q

Properties of a Gas/Vapor : (Shape, Volume, Expansion, Compressibility)

A

Compressible, Compressible, Great, Almost Can

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4
Q

State the 6 Phase Changes

A

Melting, Freezing, Condensation, Vaporization, Sublimation, Deposition

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5
Q

What is Melting (is energy released or taken in?)

A

Solid to Liquid (Take in energy) Fusion*

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6
Q

What is Freezing (is energy released or taken in?)

A

Liquid to Solid (Release energy) Solidification and Crystallization*

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7
Q

What is Condensation (is energy released or taken in?)

A

Gas to Liquid (Release energy)

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8
Q

What is Vaporization (is energy released or taken in?)

A

Liquid to Gas (Take in energy)
Also known as boiling or evaporation

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9
Q

What is Deposition? (Is energy released or taken in?)

A

Gas to Solid (Releases Energy)

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9
Q

What is Sublimation? (Is energy released or taken in?)

A

Solid to Gas (Take in energy)

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10
Q

What are Physical Properties?

A
  • Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance’s chemical identity.
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11
Q

What are all the Physical Properties?

A

Color, Odor, Melting Point, Boiling Point, Density (C.O.M.B.D)

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12
Q

What are Chemical Properties?

A

-Describes a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.

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13
Q

What are all the Chemical Properties?

A

Flammability, Oxidation State, Reactivity (F.O.R.)

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14
Q

What are Pure Substances?

A

: Consists of only one type of atom or molecule. They are characterized by having uniform and definite composition.

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15
Q

What are the types of Pure Substances

A

Elements & Compounds

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16
Q

Give an example of a pure element

A

Carbon (C) or Gold (Au)

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17
Q

Pure: Elements

A

The pure substance only made up of only one kind of atom

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18
Q

Pure: Compounds

A

2 or more elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. Always in that specific combined ratio

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19
Q

How can compounds be broken down?

A

Through Chemical Reactions

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20
Q

Give an example of a pure compound

A

Water (H20) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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21
Q

What is a mixture?

A
  • 2 or more substances physically combined but not chemically bonded. Each retains its chemical property and identity.
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22
Q

What are the types of mixtures?

A

Homogeneous mixtures & Heterogeneous mixtures

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23
Q

Define Homogeneous Mixtures

A
  • Have a uniform composition throughout. (Solutions)
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24
Q

Explain the components of a Homogenous mixture.

A

Components are evenly distributed and cannot be distinguished from one another.

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25
Q

Give an example of Homogenous mixtures.

A

Coffee, Wine, Air, Brass, Steel, Natural Gas, Vinegar, Blood

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26
Q

What can differentiate Homogenous mixtures from Heterogenous mixtures?

A

You cant visually distinguish the substances

27
Q

Why is Air Homogeneous?

A

There is a mix of 02 and N2 in the air and you can’t visually tell the difference.

27
Q

Define Heterogenous Mixtures

A

Mixtures that do not have a uniform composition

28
Q

Explain the components of a Heterogeneous mixture.

A

The components are unevenly distributed and can typically be separated.

29
Q

Give an example of Heterogeneous mixtures.

A

Chocolate Chip Cookies, Tossed Salad, Sandwich,

30
Q

What are the types of Purity & Separation Methods?

A

Filtration, Distillation, Chromatography

31
Q

What is Filtration?

A

Separates Solids from Liquids

32
Q

What is Distillation?

A

Separates based on boiling points

33
Q

Explain the Filtration technique.

A

It uses a porous barrier or filter that allows only fluid to pass through and keeps out other molecules

34
Q

Explain the Distillation technique.

A

It involves boiling the liquid mixture based on the differences in their boiling points, by vaporizing the component with the lowest boiling point and then cooling it to condense it back into a liquid collected separately.

35
Q

Define Accuracy

A
  • Reflects true values (preciseness)
36
Q

Define Precision

A

-Yield SImilar results (consistency)

37
Q

State the Metric Prefixes:

A

Femto (-15), Pico (-12), Nano (-9), Micro (-6), Milli (-3), Centi (-2), Deci (-1), Base (0), Deka (1), Hecto (2), Kilo (3), Mega (6), Giga (9), Tera (12), Peta (15)

38
Q

How do you calculate Average Atomic Mass?

A

Add all the percent of mass of the isotopes.

39
Q

What is the equation for Atomic Mass

A

Atomic Mass = ∑(Isotope Mass×Isotopic Abundance)

40
Q

What happens as you move from left to right on the atomic table?

A

The atomic radius decreases because of the increased nuclear charge (more protons) that pulls electrons closer to the nucleus

41
Q

What happens as you move from up to down on the atomic table?

A

Since additional electron shells are added, more electrons are placed farther from the nucleus.

42
Q

What are Cations?

A

Positive ions

43
Q

Compare Cations to an atom

A

They are smaller because they lose outer shell electrons reducing repulsion (+)

44
Q

What are anions?

A

Negatively charged Ions

45
Q

Compare Anions to an atom

A

They are larger because they gain electrons causing them to expand their “size”

46
Q

H1

A

Protium

47
Q

H2

A

Deuterium

48
Q

H3

A

Tritium

49
Q

What element is Na and what is it’s Latin name

A

Sodium Natrium

50
Q

Extensive Properties

A

Physical properties depend on the amount of matter rather than the type.

51
Q

Intensive Properties

A

Physical Properties depend on the type rather than the amount

52
Q

What element is K and what is its Latin name

A

Kalium Kalium

53
Q

What element is Sb and what is its Latin name

A

Antimony Stibium

54
Q

What element is Cu and what is its Latin name

A

Copper Cuprum

55
Q

What element is Au and what is its Latin name

A

Gold Aurum

56
Q

What element is Ag and what is its Latin name

A

Silver Argentum

57
Q

What element is Fe and what is its Latin name

A

Iron Ferrum

58
Q

What element is Pb and what is its Latin name

A

Lead Plumbum

59
Q

What element is Hg and what is its Latin name

A

Mercery Hydrargyrum

60
Q

What element is Sn and what is it’s Latin name

A

Tin Stannum

61
Q

What element is W and what is its Latin name

A

Tungsten Wolfram

62
Q

Give examples of Chemical change

A

Chemical properties are observed only when an object undergoes a chemical change such as Burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode, and corrode.

63
Q

What happens to energy during a chemical reaction?

A

The energy was lost or gained (not destroyed)

64
Q
A
65
Q
A

Chem test Review #1 (1 decks)

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