SBM GI

1. The anatomy and microanatomy of the stomach 2. The three motor functions of the Stomach. 3. The different gastric cells, where they are located and what they produce. 4. The differences between the parietal cell in the resting and stimulated state. 5. The neurocrine, endocrine, and paracrine mechanisms that regulate acid secretion by the parietal cell as well as the different phases of gastric acid secretion 6. The acid electrolyte composition of gastric secretion and how it becomes modi

1. Understand the clinical presentation of peptic ulcer disease 2. Understand the multifactorial causes of peptic ulcer disease, in particular Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 3. Understand the aggressive forces and mucosal defense factors important in the balance between gastroduodenal mucosal health and disease. 4. Be familiar with the complications of peptic ulcer disease. 5. Know the various methods of treating peptic ulcer disease and preventing its recurr

● Discuss the common infections of the oral cavity and of the esophagus ● Describe the premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral mucosa ● Memorize the pathologic features of the three most common tumors of the salivary glands ● Define the pathologic features of the most important lesions of the esophagus: congenital anomalies, esophagitis, Barrett's, carcinoma

Robbins pp774-790 (Stomach Chapter) • Define the basic cellular composition of the different regions of the stomach and describe how diseases such as chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma affect these regions differently • List the 4 general layers of the gastric wall and define their importance in the staging of gastric carcinoma • Define the different etiologic mechanisms accounting for acute gastritis and chronic gastritis • Define the long term risks associated with chronic gas

Goals • Illustrate the pathology and outcomes of pancreatitis of varying severity and duration • Review causes and pathogenesis

At the end of this lecture, the learner should be able to: • Describe the anatomy and microanatomy of the pancreas. List the adjacent organs and structures to the pancreas • Define the basic functional units of the pancreas and outline normal pancreatic physiology in terms of acinar cell secretion and ductule HCO3 secretion. • Describe the normal embryologic development of the pancreas and biliary system and the derivation of the most common pancreatic anatomic variant. • Describ

At the end of this lecture, the learner should be able to: • Describe the clinical presentation of pancreatic cancer • Explain the appropriate work up and management of a patient with pancreatic cancer • Discuss the epidemiology and risk factors of pancreatic neoplasms • Describe the surgical procedures utilized in patients presenting with pancreatic cancer • Define what is meant by neo-adjuvant therapy, define the role of the medical oncologist, radiation oncologist and interdi

• Describe and be able to identify the histopathologic features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma • List some of the less common pancreatic neoplasms and their clinicopathologic features • Identify and describe the histological features of the following disorders: Acute and chronic cholecystitis and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder

OBJECTIVES: At the end of this lecture, the learner should be able to: • Describe how and why inflammation causes changes in the density of fat and solid organs on CT scans • Discuss the pros and cons of using CT vs. MRI in the diagnosis of common inflammatory processes of the abdomen such as cost, risk, availability • Discuss the technical and tumor factors that influence the ability to identify masses in the solid organs with enhanced CT • Predict the pattern of dilatation and decompressio

Objectives: • Describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications and management issues of appendicitis and diverticulitis • Describe the surgical approach to the care of patients with appendicitis and diverticulitis • Describe the symptoms and physical exam findings in patients presenting with appendicitis and diverticulitis

At the end of this lecture, the learner should be able to: • Describe the embryologic development of the enteric nervous system • To outline the anatomic organization of the enteric nervous system • Describe the normal physiology of the enteric nervous system • Discuss how abnormalities of ENS function can produce disorders of GI motility and function —understand basics of gastric motility —understand the physiology of n/v —Review common etiologies of acute and chronic n/v —Define bas

• Describe the normal fluid and electrolyte transport of the gut • Define diarrhea • Discuss the epidemiology and risk factors of diarrheal illnesses • Describe a framework to characterize the different pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to diarrhea • Discuss the differential diagnosis, appropriate workup and management of a patient presenting with acute diarrhea • Discuss the differential diagnosis, appropriate workup and management of a patient presenting with chronic diarrhe

• Discuss the epidemiology of colorectal cancer • Describe the basic pathophysiology of colorectal cancer including the adenoma-carcinoma sequence • Discuss the current CRC screening options available, compare and contrast their strengths and weaknesses • Describe the characteristics of an ideal "screenable" disease • Discuss and evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting the current recommendations for CRC screening • Use CRC screening as a vehicle to describe how we det

• Describe the major clinical and pathohysiologic features of IBD. Discuss the similarities and differences between Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis • Describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of microscopic and collagenous colitis • Discuss the genetic predisposition and environmental factors role in the etiology of IBD • Describe the presenting symptoms and signs of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (compare and contrast). Explain how the severity and ext

• To interpret data regarding the relative and absolute risks and benefits of IBD therapy • List and describe the different classes of medications used to treat IBD. Discuss their mechanisms of action and associated risks, and appropriate use. • Illustrate the most effective techniques to communicate to patients data regarding the risks and benefits of the various IBD therapies • Propose an approach for communicating rare but life threatening adverse reactions to patients • Discuss

At the end of this lecture, the learner should be able to: • Define and explain the terms: Neoplasia, benign, malignant, tumor, mass, hamartoma, hyperplasia • Outline the nomenclature of Neoplasms found in the intestinal tract • Describe the pathologic features, clinical presentations, prognosis and treatment options of the more common neoplasia, benign and malignant, of the small intestine • Describe the pathologic features, clinical presentations, prognosis and treatment op

• To be able to recall/describe normal digestion and absorption of fats, carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins • Describe/define the different pathophysiologic defects causing maldigestion and malabsorption involving the following: intraluminal digestion, intraluminal transfer to mucosa, mucosal digestion, mucosal processing, mucosal export • Describe the clinical manifestations and pathophysiologic mechanisms of the following disorders. Outline how each disorder illustrates one of the ab

• Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the liver • Discuss the normal physiologic functions of the liver including: Bilirubin production and excretion; the metabolism of drugs and toxins; the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein; and the synthesis of albumin and clotting factors • List the different laboratory tests used to assess liver function, discuss their significance in assessing patients with liver disease • Describe the different imaging modalities and invasi

• Describe the clinical presentation and clinical manifestations of acute viral hepatitis and chronic viral hepatitis, compare and contrast. • Define/describe pathologically hepatitis. List the different causes of hepatitis including the various viral etiologies • Describe the virologic aspects of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E • Compare and contrast the epidemiology, transmission, modes of prevention, risk groups and longterm outcomes of hepatitis A,

• Define Portal hypertension • Discuss the major causes of portal hypertension. Compare and contrast pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic and post-hepatic etiologies • Describe the major pathophysiologic consequences and complications of portal hypertension • Describe the various theories of how ascites is formed • Discuss the principles of treatment and prevention of bleeding varices and ascites • Describe a Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure and explain how

—Describe the morphologic patterns of hepatic injury —Compare and contrast the pathologic differences between acute and chronic hepatitis —Describe the most important/common causes of liver injury and their histological features —Describe the histological features of metabolic liver diseases

• Define Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease • Discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, prevalence, and pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease • Describe the histological features and spectrum of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) • Describe the natural history and management of NAFLD/NASH

• Discuss the clinical presentation including laboratory testing, and pathogenesis of the following conditions: Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Wilson's disease • Discuss the management of the above conditions • Describe glycogen storage diseases and their effect on the liver and selected other less common metabolic inherited liver diseases

At the end of this lecture, the learner should be able to: —Describe the histological progression of liver injury leading to cirrhosis —Describe and be able to recognize the histological features of cirrhosis —List the different forms of liver injury and etiologies that can progress to cirrhosis —List and describe (clinicopathologically) the different types of benign and malignant neoplasms that are primary to the liver —Discuss the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma

After this lecture you should have knowledge in the following principles. 1. General insights with respect to the role of the liver as part of the body’s immune system a. i.e. “Discuss the condition of the immune system in a patient with liver disease” 2. The immune system and liver disease 3. Describe autoimmunity with respect to the liver a. Knowledge of key features of the 2 most important autoimmune liver diseases: (1) Classic AIH: hepatocyte = target (2) PBC: small bile d

In the exam the 3 questions will be clinical vignettes concerning cases of poisoning by and treatment for three of the following: —Carbon monoxide —Organophosphate (carbamyl/malathion/parathion) —Iron —Lead —Arsenic —Acetaminophen —Aspirin —Benzodiazepines —Methanol —Ethylene glycol