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Ruby Pinto
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Decks in this class (165)
4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table
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4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes
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4.1.1.1 Atoms, elements and compounds
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4.1.1.2 Mixtures
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4.1.1.3 The development of the model of the atom
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4.1.1.4 Relative electrical charges of subatomic particles
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4.1.1.5 Size and mass of atoms
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4.1.1.6 Relative atomic mass
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4.1.1.7 Electronic structure
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4.1.2 The periodic table
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4.1.2.1 The periodic table
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4.1.2.2 Development of the periodic table
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4.1.2.3 Metals and nonmetals
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4.1.2.4 Group 0
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4.1.2.5 Group 1
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4.1.2.6 Group 7
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4.1.3 Properties of transition metals
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4.1.3.1 Comparison with group 1 elements
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4.1.3.2 Typical properties
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4.2 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter
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4.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic
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4.2.1.1 Chemical bonds
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4.2.1.2 Ionic bonding
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4.2.1.3 Ionic compounds
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4.2.1.4 Covalent bonding
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4.2.1.5 Metallic bonding
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4.2.2 How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances
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4.2.2.1 The three states of matter
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4.2.2.2 State symbols
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4.2.2.3 Properties of Ionic compounds
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4.2.2.4 Properties of small molecules
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4.2.2.5 Polymers
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4.2.2.6 Giant covalent structures
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4.2.2.7 Properties of metals and alloys
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4.2.2.8 Metals as conductors
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4.2.3. Structure and bonding of carbon
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4.2.3.1 Diamond
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4.2.3.2 Graphite
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4.2.3.3 Graphene and fullerenes
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4.2.4 Bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles
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4.2.4.1 Sizes of particles and their properties
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4.2.4.2 Uses of nanoparticles
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4.3 Quantitative chemistry
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4.3.1 Chemical measurements, conservation of mass and the quantitative interpretation of chemical equations
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4.3.1.1 Conservation of mass and balanced chemical equations
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4.3.1.2 Relative formula mass
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4.3.1.3 Mass changes when a reactant or product is a gas
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4.3.1.4 Chemical measurements
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4.3.2 Use of amount of substance in relation to masses of pure substances
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4.3.2.1 Moles
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4.3.2.2 Amounts of substances in equations
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4.3.2.3 Using moles to balance equations
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4.3.2.4 Limiting reactants
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4.3.2.5 Concentration of solutions
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4.3.3 Yield and atom economy of chemical reactions
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4.3.3.1 Percentage yield
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4.3.3.2 Atom economy
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4.3.5 Use of amount of substance in relation to volumes of gases
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4.4 Chemical changes
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4.4.1 Reactivity of metals
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4.4.1.1 Metal oxides
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4.4.1.2 The reactivity series
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4.4.1.3 Extraction of metals and reduction
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4.4.1.4 Oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons
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4.4.2 Reactions of acids
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4.4.2.1 Reactions of acids with metals
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4.4.2.2 Neutralisation of acids and salt production
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4.4.2.3 Soluble salts
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4.4.2.4 The pH scale and neutralisation
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4.4.2.5 Titrations
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4.4.2.6 Strong and weak acids
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4.4.3 Electrolysis
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4.4.3.1 The process of electrolysis
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4.4.3.2 Electrolysis of molten ionic compounds
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4.4.3.3 Using electrolysis to extract metals
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4.4.3.4 Electrolysis of aqueous solutions
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4.4.3.5 Representation of reactions at electrodes as half equations
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4.5 Energy changes
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4.5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions
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4.5.1.1 Energy transfer during exothermic and endothermic reaction
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4.5.1.2 Reaction profiles
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4.5.1.3 The energy change of reactions
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4.5.2 Chemical cells and fuel cells
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4.5.2.1 Cells and batteries
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4.5.2.2 Fuel cells
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4.6 The rate an extent of chemical change
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4.6.1 Rate of reaction
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4.6.1.1 Calculating rates of reactions
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4.6.1.2 Factors which affect the rates of chemical reactions
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4.6.1.3 Collision theory and activation energy
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4.6.1.4 Catalysts
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4.6.2 Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium
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4.6.2.1 Reversible reactions
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4.6.2.2 Energy changes unreversible reactions
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4.6.2.3 Equilibrium
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4.6.2.4 The effect of changing conditions on equilibrium
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4.6.2.5 The effect of changing concentration
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4.6.2.6 The effect of temperature changes on equilibrium
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4.6.2.7 The effect of pressure changes on equilibrium
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4.7 Organic chemistry (all about compounds that contain carbon)
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4.7.1 Carbon compounds as fuel and feedstock
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4.7.1.1 Crude oil hydrocarbons and alkanes
What is crude oil,
How was crude oil made,
How do we get crude oil out of th...
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4.7.1.2 Fractional distillation and petrochemicals
What is fractional distillation,
How does fractional distillation ...,
What happens to bitumen and heavy...
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4.7.1.3 Properties of hydrocarbons
What do the properties of hydroca...,
What do the properties boiling po...,
How does boiling point change wit...
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4.7.1.4 Cracking and alkenes
Why do we crack hydrocarbons,
What reaction is cracking,
What two ways of cracking are there
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4.7.2 Reactions of alkenes and alcohols
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4.7.2.1 Structure and formulae of alkenes
What are alkenes,
What is the general formula for t...,
Why are alkene molecules unsaturated
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4.7.2.2 Reactions of alkenes
What is the functional group of a...,
What determines the reactions of ...,
Alkenes react with oxygen in comb...
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4.7.2.3 Alcohols
What functional group do alcohols...,
What are the first four members o...,
How can alcohols be represented
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4.7.2.4 Carboxylic acids
What functional group do carboxyl...,
What are the festival members of ...,
How can the structures of carboxy...
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4.7.3 Synthetic and naturally occurring polymers
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4.7.3.1 Addition polymerisation
When is addition polymerisation,
What happens during addition poly...,
Give an example of addition polym...
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4.7.3.2 Condensation polymerisation
What does condensation polymerisa...,
How are the simplest polymers pro...,
Give an example
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4.7.3.3 Amino acids
What are amino acids,
Give an example,
What can different amino acids pr...
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4.7.3.4 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and other naturally occurring polymers
What is dna,
What does dna do,
What are most dna molecules
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4.8 Chemical analysis
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4.8.1 Purity, formulations and chromatography
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4.8.1.1 Pure substances
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4.8.1.2 Formulations
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4.8.1.3 Chromatography
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4.8.2 Identification of common gases
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4.8.2.1 Test for hydrogen
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4.8.2.2 Test for oxygen
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4.8.2.3 Test for carbon dioxide
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4.8.2.4 Test for chlorine
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4.8.3 Identification of ions by chemical and spectroscopic means
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4.8.3.1 Flame tests
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4.8.3.2 Metal hydroxides
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8.4.3.3 Carbonates
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4.8.3.4 Halides
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4.8.3.5 Sulfates
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4.8.3.6 Instrumental methods
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4.8.3.7 Flame emission spectroscopy
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4.9 Chemistry of the atmosphere
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4.9.1 The composition and evolution of the Earth's atmosphere
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4.9.1.1 The proportions of different gases in the atmosphere
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4.9.1.2 The Earth's early atmosphere
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4.9.1.3 How oxygen increased
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4.9.1.4 How carbon dioxide decreased
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4.9.2 Carbon dioxide and methane as greenhouse gases
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4.9.2.1 Greenhouse gases
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4.9.2.2 Human activities which contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
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4.9.2.3 Global climate change
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4.9.2.4 The carbon footprint and its reduction
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4.9.3 Common atmospheric pollutants and their sources
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4.9.3.1 Atmospheric pollutants from fuels
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4.9.3.2 Properties and effects of atmospheric pollutants
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4.10 Using resources
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4.10.1 Using the apps resources and obtaining potable water
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4.10.1.1 Using the apps resources and sustainable development
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4.10.1.2 Potable water
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4.10.1.3 Waste water treatment
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4.10.1.4 Alternative methods of extracting metals
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4.10.2 Life cycle assessment and recycling
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4.10.2.1 Life cycle assessment
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4.10.2.2 Ways of reducing the use of resources
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4.10.3 Using materials
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4.10.3.1 Corrosion and its prevention
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4.10.3.2 Alloys are useful materials
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4.10.3.3 Ceramics, polymers and composites
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4.10.4 The haber process and the use of NPK fertilisers
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4.10.4.1 The haber process
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4.10.4.2 Production and users of NPK fertilisers
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4.11 Key ideas
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GCSE Chemistry
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