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Year 4 - SPM

This class was created by Brainscape user Josh Davies. Visit their profile to learn more about the creator.

By: Josh Davies
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Decks in this class (129)

Respiratory - Interstitial lung disease
What is interstitial lung disease,
What are the common clinical feat...,
What do lung function tests typic...
54  cards
Ophthalmology - Drugs and the eye in systemic disease
What classification system is use...,
What granulomatous disorders can ...,
What systemic inflammatory condit...
14  cards
Respiratory - Occupational lung disease
What are environmental and occupa...,
What is pneumoconiosis,
Why is particle size an important...
31  cards
Respiratory - Pneumonia and lung abscesses
What is pneumonia what are the cl...,
What are the typical examination ...,
What is the most common cause of ...
56  cards
Respiratory - COPD
What is copd,
What is emphysema,
What is chronic bronchitis
25  cards
Respiratory - Bronchiectasis
What is bronchiectasis,
What is the pathogenesis of bronc...,
What bacteria typically causes in...
27  cards
Respiratory - Asthma
What is asthma,
What is the underlying pathophysi...,
What are the clinical features of...
18  cards
Respiratory - Respiratory failure
What is respiratory failure what ...,
What is the a a gradient,
What is a normal a a gradient
23  cards
Respiratory - Pleural effusion & pneumothorax
What is a pleural effusion,
What is the pathogenesis of pleur...,
What are the clinical features of...
25  cards
Respiratory - Pulmonary vascular disease & eosinophilia
What is a pe,
What factors predispose to pe,
What are the morphological featur...
57  cards
Respiratory - TB
What bacterium causes tb,
What is the mode of infection of tb,
What factors predispose to tb inf...
24  cards
Respiratory - Examination
What examination findings are con...,
A patient presents with reduced r...,
What are the examination features...
5  cards
Respiratory - Lung cancer
How common are benign lung tumours,
What are bronchogenic carcinomas,
What aetiological factors predisp...
27  cards
Respiratory - Imaging
What is the appearance of cardiom...,
What are the causes of cardiomegaly,
How does pulmonary oedema appear ...
36  cards
Geriatrics - Delirium
What is the definition of delirium,
What are the key diagnostic crite...,
How can disturbances of conscious...
29  cards
Geriatrics - Dementia
What is the definition of dementia,
What are the diagnostic criteria ...,
What is mild cognitive impairment
40  cards
Geriatrics - Falls
What are some key epidemiological...,
Outline an approach to assess a p...,
What adverse outcomes are associa...
15  cards
Geriatrics - Frailty and immobility
What is frailty,
Outline the pathophysiology of fr...,
How is the brain affected by agei...
15  cards
Geriatrics - Continence
In which group of patients is uri...,
How does the prevalence of urinar...,
How does the prevalence of urinar...
47  cards
Geriatrics - Stroke
What are the three main mechanism...,
What two mechanisms can derive th...,
What can cause global ischaemia
58  cards
Geriatrics - Prescribing in older people
What is the definition of inappro...,
Why is inappropriate prescribing ...,
What happens to pharmacodynamics ...
67  cards
Geriatrics - The law and older people
What is mental capacity,
What are the 5 principles of the ...,
What are the 4 aspects of capacit...
16  cards
Geriatrics - Assessments in elderly medicine & Rehabilitation
What are pressure ulcers,
Identify some risk factors for pr...,
How should a risk assessment be c...
22  cards
Cardiology - Pericardial disease
What is pericarditis,
What is the aetiology of acute pe...,
Name the 4 main types of acute pe...
23  cards
Cardiology - ECG basics
What is the basis of the ecg how ...,
Does the heart depolarise uniformly,
Describe the sequence of depolari...
29  cards
Cardiology - ECG abnormalities
What causes changes to the shape ...,
What effect does it have on the ecg,
What is the effect of left atrial...
52  cards
Cardiology - Arrhythmias
What are the features of left bun...,
Name some causes of lbbb,
What is the characteristic ecg ab...
52  cards
Cardiology - Atherosclerosis and haemodynamic disorders
What is arteriosclerosis,
What is atherosclerosis,
Name some risk factors associated...
58  cards
Cardiology - Ischaemic heart disease
What is ischaemic heart disease ihd,
What causes ihd what else can cau...,
What are the clinical presentatio...
86  cards
Cardiology - Dyslipidaemia
What is hyperlipidaemia,
What are lipoproteins,
What are the main blood lipoproteins
19  cards
Cardiology - Blood vessels, aneurysms, veins, lymphatics, tumours
What is an aneurysm,
What patients are most commonly a...,
What is the pathogenesis of aaa
106  cards
Cardiology - Endocardial disease
What is valvular stenosis,
What is valvular insufficiency or...,
What is functional regurgitation
66  cards
Cardiology - Myocardial disease
What is brown atrophy,
What is cloudy swelling,
Fatty infiltration
38  cards
Cardiology - Hypertension
What is hypertension,
What causes hypertension,
Give some causes of secondary hyp...
37  cards
Cardiology - Heart failure
What is heart failure,
What is the incidence and prognos...,
List some of the causes of heart ...
56  cards
Cardiology - Congenital heart disease
What is the definition of congeni...,
How is congenital heart disease c...,
How common are ventricular septal...
28  cards
Cardiology - Examination & presenting problems
How should the patient be positio...,
What is the character of the puls...,
What the quality of the apex beat...
20  cards
Endocrinology - Overview of hormones
What are hormones,
How are protein and peptide hormo...,
What a steroid hormones synthesis...
16  cards
Endocrinology - Pituitary and Hypothalamus
Where is the hypothalamus located,
What structures form the hypothal...,
What connects the hypothalamus wi...
67  cards
Endocrinology - Thyroid
At what vertebral level is the th...,
Describe the structure of the thy...,
What structure encloses the thyro...
92  cards
Endocrinology - Adrenals
What are the three zones of the a...,
What are structure are the adrena...,
What is the basis of the speciali...
73  cards
Endocrinology - Parathyroids
How is calcium transported in the...,
Where is parathyroid hormone secr...,
What controls secretion of pth
36  cards
Endocrinology - Reproductive Endocrinology
What is the default pattern of ge...,
Describe the first level of sexua...,
What is the next level of sexual ...
65  cards
Endocrinology - Endocrine emergencies
What is myxoedema coma,
What are the signs and symptoms o...,
What features should be examined ...
14  cards
Endocrinology - Examination
What should be noted on general i...,
What features in the hands should...,
What should be examined after the...
6  cards
Diabetes - Examination
What general observations should ...,
What should be examined for in th...,
After hands what is examined next...
11  cards
Diabetes - Functional anatomy, physiology and investigations
What hormones maintain blood gluc...,
How does insulin affect fat metab...,
What is the pathology of type 1 d...
20  cards
Diabetes - Presenting problems
In a patient with newly discovere...,
How is the diagnosis of diabetes ...,
What is stress hyperglycaemia
48  cards
Diabetes - Management
How many newly diagnosed diabetic...,
How should diet composition be ch...,
In what groups of diabetic patien...
37  cards
Diabetes - Long term complications
What is the most common cause of ...,
What is diabetic microangiopathy,
How can diabetic complications be...
43  cards
Ophthalmology - Refractive errors
What are refractive errors,
What is myopia,
What are the complications of myopia
18  cards
Ophthalmology - Eyelids, Orbit and Lacrimal System
What is a stye,
What is hordeolum internum how is...,
What is blepharitis
39  cards
Ophthalmology - Red eye
What are the features of bacteria...,
What should recurrent conjunctivi...,
How does infective adenoviral ker...
51  cards
Ophthalmology - Pupils
What is the pathway responsible f...,
How do defects in the afferent pa...,
What causes afferent pupillary de...
14  cards
Ophthalmology - Glaucoma
How do patients with acute angle ...,
What patients are at an increased...,
What is the pathology of acute an...
32  cards
Ophthalmology - General medical disorders and the eye
What signs are associated with lo...,
What findings are associated with...,
How common is thyroid eye disease
17  cards
Ophthalmology - Acute visual disturbance
What differentials should be cons...,
What is the pathogenesis of retin...,
What is the clinical presentation...
44  cards
Ophthalmology - Gradual visual disturbance
Outline some causes of gradual vi...,
How should refractive errors be i...,
How can corneal disease cause gra...
71  cards
Ophthalmology - Squint and Neuro-ophthalmology
What is a squint,
Why is a squint important,
What features in the history are ...
76  cards
Oncology - Breast cancer
What causes acute inflammation of...,
How is mastitis managed,
What causes chronic mastitis
39  cards
Oncology - Bowel cancer
What colon polyps are non neoplastic,
What conditions are juvenile poly...,
What are neoplastic polyps
39  cards
Oncology - Treatment of cancer
What is radiotherapy,
What acute and late effects can o...,
What are the types of radiotherapy
64  cards
Oncology - Paraneoplastic complications
What are paraneoplastic syndromes,
What is the pathogenesis of paran...,
What is the most common form of a...
18  cards
Oncology - Oncological emergencies and metastatic disease
How common is spinal cord compres...,
What is the earliest feature of s...,
What are the features of spinal c...
27  cards
Oncology - Palliative care
How should hiccups be managed in ...,
How is agitation and confusion in...,
How should opiates be started for...
25  cards
Oncology - Cancer screening and tumour markers
What is the aim of cancer screening,
What cancers are part of the nati...,
What is the aim of the cervical s...
15  cards
Oncology - Haematological malignancies
What is leukaemia,
What is the aetiology of leukaemia,
What factors are associated with ...
63  cards
Dermatology - Clinical skills
What are the 4 aspects of skin ex...,
What are the key features of insp...,
What does a generalised lesion mean
41  cards
Dermatology - Background knowledge
Outline the structure of the skin...,
What are the 4 cell types found i...,
What are the 4 layers of the epid...
15  cards
Dermatology - Emergency dermatology
What causes urtiacaria angioedema...,
What is the pathogenesis of urtic...,
How does urticaria present
20  cards
Dermatology - Skin infections/ infestations
What is erysipelis and cellulitis,
What causes erysipelis and cellul...,
How does cellulitis present
68  cards
Dermatology - Skin cancer
What is basal cell carcinoma how ...,
What is the cause of bcc,
What are the management options f...
12  cards
Dermatology - Inflammatory skin conditions
What is eczema,
What causes eczema,
How does eczema present
18  cards
Dermatology - Blistering disorders
What are the different categories...,
What determines the fragility of ...,
Name some common causes of bliste...
15  cards
Dermatology - Presenting problems
What are the three types of leg u...,
What is the history associated wi...,
What are the key clinical feature...
51  cards
Dermatology - Management
What are emollients,
What are the side effects of emol...,
Give some examples of topic corti...
10  cards
Dermatology - Skin and systemic diseases
What is erythema nodosum and what...,
What is erythema multiforme,
What drugs are associated with er...
15  cards
GUM - Examination
What observations should be made ...,
After observation what comes next,
What features of the penile skin ...
8  cards
GUM - Presenting problems in men
What is the most common cause of ...,
How can the symptoms of urethral ...,
How should urethral discharge be ...
9  cards
GUM - Presenting problems in women
What features distinguish infecti...,
What is the most common cause of ...,
What infections cause vaginal dis...
8  cards
GUM - Bacterial STIs
What is lgv how is it treated,
Other than lgv what other stis ca...,
What causes gonorrhoea what is th...
39  cards
GUM - Viral STIs
What is herpes simplex virus,
What symptoms does hsv cause,
How is hsv infection managed
30  cards
GUM - Parasites/ Infestations
What is trichomonas vaginalis,
What are the features of trichomo...,
How is tv investigated
12  cards
GUM - Non STIs
What factors predispose to vagina...,
What are the features of vaginal ...,
How is vaginal candidiasis invest...
11  cards
GUM - HIV
What is the difference between hi...,
What is the structure of the hiv ...,
The hiv genome is complex it cont...
25  cards
GUM - Presenting problems in HIV infection
What can lymphadenopathy in a hiv...,
What should be excluded before a ...,
How should fever in a hiv patient...
22  cards
GUM - Management of HIV
How can opportunistic infections ...,
How is hiv infection treated,
When should haart be started
20  cards
GUM - Contraception
What are the barrier methods of c...,
What are daily methods of contrac...,
What are larcs
17  cards
Gastroenterology - Presenting problems
What is dysphagia,
What neuromuscular conditions cau...,
What oral conditions cause dysphagia
83  cards
Gastroenterology - Nutritional disorders
How is body weight normally maint...,
Which patients are at risk of vit...,
How should a patients nutritional...
48  cards
Gastroenterology - Diseases of the mouth and salivary glands
Describe how herpes simplex virus...,
Why does herpes labialis reccur,
Define herpangina
24  cards
Gastroenterology - Diseases of the oesophagus
What are the symptoms of oesophag...,
How is dysphagia best investigated,
What does odynophagia suggest
44  cards
Gastroenterology - Diseases of the stomach and duodenum
What is congenital pyloric stenosis,
What are the clinical findings of...,
What is gastroparesis
47  cards
Gastroenterology - Diseases of the small intestine
What is the main function of the ...,
What are the presenting symptoms ...,
What disorders of the small intes...
89  cards
Gastroenterology - Diseases of the pancreas
What are the different types of p...,
What is the prognosis in acute pa...,
Name some causes of acute pancrea...
35  cards
Gastroenterology - Inflammatory bowel disease
What is inflammatory bowel disease,
What is the aetiology of ibd,
What is the role of the host immu...
26  cards
Gastroenterology - IBS
What is ibs,
How common is ibs,
What are the clinical features of...
8  cards
Gastroenterology - Ischaemic gut injury
What areas of the bowel are suppl...,
What areas of bowel are supplied ...,
What types of infarction can affe...
13  cards
Gastroenterology - Disorders of the colon and rectum
What is the main function of the ...,
What is constipation,
What is functional constipation
54  cards
Gastroenterology - Diseases of the peritoneal cavity
How does endometriosis affect the...,
What conditions cause peritonitis...,
What tumours affect the peritoneum
3  cards
Hepatology - Investigations in liver disease
What tests best reflect synthetic...,
What is bilirubin what causes a r...,
What are the aminotransaminases w...
8  cards
Hepatology - Presenting problems in liver disease
What is acute liver failure,
How should acute liver failure be...,
How is acute liver failure classi...
27  cards
Hepatology - Cirrhosis
What is cirrhosis,
What causes cirrhosis,
What are the clinical features of...
12  cards
Hepatology - Portal hypertension
What is portal hypertension,
What veins form the hepatic porta...,
What are the main sites of obstru...
20  cards
Hepatology - Infections and the liver
When should viral hepatitis be co...,
What are the clinical features of...,
What is chronic hepatitis
52  cards
Hepatology - Alcoholic liver disease
In what group of patients is alco...,
What level of alcohol consumption...,
What are the risk factors for alc...
13  cards
Hepatology - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
What is the definition of non alc...,
What are the risk factors associa...,
What is the aetiology of nafld
7  cards
Hepatology - Autoimmune liver diseases
What is the definition of autoimm...,
What is the epidemiology of autoi...,
What is the aetiology of autoimmu...
23  cards
Hepatology - Liver tumours
What are the most common types of...,
What is the aetiology of hepatoce...,
What are the clinical features as...
8  cards
Hepatology - Drugs and the liver
Are lfts a reliable measure of he...,
What is the child pugh score,
What drugs are commonly associate...
16  cards
Hepatology - Inherited liver diseases
What is the definition of haemoch...,
What is the definition of heredit...,
What is the epidemiology of hhc
30  cards
Hepatology - Vascular liver diseases
What causes hepatic arterial disease,
What causes portal venous thrombo...,
What is hepatopulmonary syndrome
11  cards
Hepatology - Pregnancy and the liver
What is acute cholestasis of preg...,
What is the most common cause of ...,
What is acute fatty liver of preg...
5  cards
Hepatology - Liver transplantation
What are the most common sources ...,
What are the indications for live...,
How should patients be assessed f...
18  cards
Hepatology - Cholestasis and biliary diseases
What is cholestasis what conditio...,
What is the most common type of c...,
What features of the history are ...
20  cards
Ophthalmology - Assessment and history taking
What are the important features o...,
What is the examination routine f...,
How should one examine colour vision
8  cards
Renal - Presenting problems in renal and urinary disease
What is dysuria,
Differential diagnosis of loin pain,
What is oliguria and anuria
25  cards
Renal - Investigating renal disease
Estimating gfr using serum urea a...,
What is the clearance method for ...,
Use of creatinine clearance
15  cards
Renal - Drugs and the kidney
What are the 3 stages of aki,
Nephrotoxic drugs that can precip...,
Nephrotoxic pathological states
22  cards
Renal - Glomerular disease
Features of glomerular disease,
Primary vs secondary glomerular d...,
Pathological classification of gl...
31  cards
Renal - Nephrotic syndrome
What is nephrotic syndrome,
Causes of proteinuria,
Name some congenital causes of ne...
14  cards
Renal - Tubulointerstitial diseases
What are tubulointerstitial diseases,
Acute interstitial nephritis,
Causes of acute interstitial neph...
19  cards
Renal - AKI
What is aki,
What are the risk factors for aki,
What criteria can be used to defi...
22  cards
Renal - CKD
What is ckd,
Cause of death in ckd,
Changes in renal function with age
30  cards
Renal - Hypertension and renal vascular disease
Definition of hypertension,
Causes of secondary hypertension,
Renal artery stenosis causing hyp...
33  cards
Renal - Dialysis
At what stage of ckd should patie...,
Haemodialysis,
Principle of dialysis
19  cards
Renal - Transplantation
What patients should be considere...,
Location of transplanted kidney,
Donor recipient matching
27  cards
Renal - Polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kid...,
Renal abnormalities in pkd,
Extra renal manifestations of pkd
13  cards
Renal - Electrolyte and acid base disturbances
What are disorders of sodium balance,
Causes of sodium depletion,
Clinical features of sodium deple...
69  cards

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Year 4 - SPM

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