Year 1 Respiratory system

Alveoli: recall the cellular layers separating alveolar air from blood, and explain how alveoli and airways resist collapse Anatomy of the respiratory tract: recall the structures of the respiratory tract and explain their respiratory and protective functions, including alveoli, bronchioles, trachea, larynx, pharynx and nasal cavities Anatomy of the thorax: recall the structures of the thorax and explain their respiratory function, including chest wall, diaphragm, pleura and lungs (in inspirat

Points on Sofia.

Central control of breathing: explain the central organisation of breathing, and recall the principle inputs and outputs, including sensitivity to carbon dioxide and hypoxia Sleep: explain the effect of sleep on breathing and blood gases; explain the apnoeic threshold and how this may lead to central sleep apnoea; explain the influences of sleep on the upper airway and how this may lead to obstructive sleep apnoea; explain how cardiorespiratory disease may be exacerbated by changes in breathing

Compliance: define compliance and elastance and explain the relationship between them Surfactant: explain the role of surfactant in ventilation and lung structure Resistance: explain the concept of airway resistance in the lung, and explain it effects, and is affected by, changes in pulmonary function Mechanics: explain the mechanical relationship between the chest wall, pleural membranes and the lung; distinguish the mechanical forces involved in tidal and maximal ventilation, and fluid- and

Pathogenesis of lung cancer: recall the pathogenesis of lung cancer and summarise risk factors Lung tumours: explain the local and systemic complications of lung tumours Histopathology of lung cancer: explain the common types of lung cancer, their biological behavior, prognosis and treatment Investigation of lung cancer: explain the modalities by which lung cancer can be diagnosed Staging of lung cancer: explain the macroscopic appearance of lung tumours and recall pathological parameters us