WOTH Iliad Quotes and Summaries 1-15 Flashcards
books 1-15, not book 10- needs adding
Aspects of a Homeric Hero
attention of the gods
shows emotion
physically impressive
epithets
civilised
fights for and respects his family/ homeland
fights for glory- kleos
MORTAL
self-control
noble birth
Kleos
glory earned through battle
immortality- generations know a fighters name
Timé
honour
the good opinion of other men through achievements
menos
might
the surge of anger they feel on the battlefield
charma
joy in fighting
thumos
enthusiasm for figthing
aidos
shame
fear of disgrace
respect for gods, friends and enemies
Geras
prizes
earned by war
timé is shown by this
oral tradition define
hundreds of years of repetition by bards
in media res- the audience would understand the story
artistic, meant to memorised and sung
oral tradition techniques
dactylic hexameter
epithets
repeated scenes
formulae- cataloguing
rhapsode
book 1 Women
only seen as geras
‘help myself to your prize … And what an angry man I will leave” by Agamemnon
‘I like her better than my wife’- Ag on Chryseis
Thetis as a mother talking to Zeus in supplication- ‘sank to her knees… supplicated him’
Book 1 the gods
Apollo bringing plague for the Greeks for Ach- ‘his descent was like nightfall’
Thetis begging Zeus- ‘sank to her knees… pay back my son’
Book 1 heroism
Ach- ‘burst into tears’
‘thrust his way through the crowd and disembowel agamemnon’
Zeus nods, Achilles’s help with the plague
book 1 menis
“anger- sing, goddess, the anger of Achilles’- first line- ‘brought the Greeks endless suffering”
‘thrust his way through the crowd and disembowel agamemnon’
book 1 fate
’ evil destiny ‘- Thetis, Ach
‘no failure to fulfil it, no going back’ Zeus on his nod
book 2 plot
Zeus sends Ag a dream that he will defeat Troy
tests troops by saying they should go home
Odysseus and Nestor berate them
sacrifices to Zeus
Trojans assemble
explain Trojan cycle and Paris and Helen
Zeus dream again- relayed to Ag’s troops
book 3 Women
Helen’s guilt for the war
Helen weaving and observing- ‘great web of purple cloth… who had suffered for her sake’
Helen forced to have sex with Paris- ‘no, go and sit with him yourself’
Book 3 the gods
Aphrodite forcing Helen to have sex with Paris- ‘Obstinate wretch!’
Aphrodite rescues Paris- ‘a dense mist whisked him away’
Book 3 heroism
Paris stepping forwards- ‘stepped out from the ranks’ - ‘like a man who catches sight of a snake’
importance of appearance
battle of Mene.- ‘as delighted as a lion that comes upon a great carcass’,
‘children’s children will shudder’
Hector’s aidos- ‘Paris, you parody! you sex-crazed seducer!’
book 3 menis
mene. battling- ‘as delighted as a lion that comes upon a great carcass’, ‘hurling himself at Paris’ ‘leapt from his chariot’
book 3 fate
‘Paris’s lot immediately jumped out’- 1 v 1 combat with Menelaus
book 3 xenia
Menelaus’s prayer to Zeus- ‘children’s children will shudder … host who has offered them friendship.’
Book 4 the gods
debate over whether to end the fighting- ‘Athena and Hera muttered darkly to each other’
‘lady Hebe served them with nectar’- hierarchy
Athena and Pandarus- ‘she persuaded the fool’ ‘like a mother brushing a fly from a sleeping child’
Book 4 heroism
mortality, menis
mortal- ‘as a woman… stains ivory with purple dye’- blood Mene.
Idomeneus’s Menis- ‘as he charged into action, the bronze rang terrifyingly’
Od.- ‘always looking out for number 1’
book 4 menis
Idomeneus’s Menis- ‘as he charged into action, the bronze rang terrifyingly’
‘waves of an ocean… booming’
‘sheep… rich mans yard’
book 4 fate
‘Zeus may postpone the penalty’- Ag because the Trojans broke the oath
book 5 plot
- Athena inspires Diomedes Greek
- Pandarus shoots diomedes in shoulder, Aeneas and Pandarus go after him
- Athena guides spear to kill Pandarus and crushes Aeneas’s hip with boulder
- Aphrodite tries to carry Aeneas away
- DIomedes slashes Aphro and drops A
- Athena helps diomedes spear Ares
book 6 Women
Hecabe- ‘gentle, generous mother’ ‘you who must pray’
Helen- ‘sulk by yourself (paris)’
‘Paris’s blind folly’
Andromache- ‘you are father and mother to me’
Hector ‘besieged by Trojan wives and mothers running up to ask’
Book 6 the gods
Hecabe- ‘you who must pray’ ‘longest and most decorated’
Book 6 heroism
Hector- ‘if i hid like a coward I would feel nothing but shame’
Book 6 xenia
Glaucus and Diomedes- ‘leapt from chariot, took by the hand and exchanged a solemn vow of friendship’
book 6 menis
Agamemnon telling mene. to kill Adrestus ‘must be wiped out of existence’
book 7 plot
- return of Hector and Paris reinvigorate
- Apollo proposes duel
- Athena tells seer to say Hector should challenge a duel with the Greeks
- Nestor gets volunteers- AJax by lots
- H intimidated- bold attack but blocked
- Ajax knocks Hector over with rock
agree to end duel with gifts - dont want to fight again- Trojan advisor sugests returning Helen
- Paris offers treasure instead
- Greeks says no and says they should have a day to bury dead
- opportunity to build wall with trench around ships- Poseidon objects and
- Zeus says he can wash it away after they leave
book 8 plot
- Zeus makes god truce, no intervening
- Zeus favours Ts and they drive G to ships
- Hector shines as leader
- Hera and Athena help the Greeks regroup- divine conflict
Book 9 the gods
‘Zeus has seriously deluded me’- Aga
‘Zeus showers them with favourable omens’
Book 9 women
‘taken the wife which I love’, ‘I only have to chose … make her my own’- Ach
Book 9 heroism
Aga.- ‘weeping tears like a dark spring’
Geras- ‘7 tripods untarnished by the flames’- cataloguing
od- ‘old man … advice which you have forgotten’,
‘you would cover yourself in glory in their eyes’
phoe.- ‘come while gifts are still to be had’
Book 9 xenia
Achilles to the embassy- ‘chairs with purple coverings’
‘mix less water with the wine, Patroclus’
aj- ‘we are under your roof, representing the whole Greek army’
book 9 menis
‘love bitter taste of internal discord’- Nestor to Aga.
Od- ‘Hector is running wild, elated and irresistible.’
book 9 fate
Aga- ‘Trojan town will never fall to us’
‘Zeus showers them with favourable omens’
‘no home-coming for me, but eternal glory instead’
Odysseus Epithet
resourceful Odysseus- said by Ach in scorn
Helen Epithet
lovely-haired Helen
Agamemnon Epithet
godlike Agamemnon
Hector Epithet
Great Hector of the flashing helmet
book 11 summary long
- morning after night raid
- Zeus encourages strife to get the Greeks to go and battle
- Agamemnon arms- luxury, Greeks arm
- Trojans prepare
- Zeus is against the Greeks today- many will die
- the gods are angry at Zeus and do not participate
- Agamemnon kills many Trojans
- Zeus then encourages Hector by Iris- promises if he remains, they will win
- Hector goes to meet Aga
- Koön faces aga- killed but slices aga on arm, Aga retreats
- Hector surges again
- Diomedes and Odysseus are targeted by H
- D hits H in head w spear
- Paris shoots D in foot
- Od goes to protect w shield while he pulls out arrow- goes back to camp
- Ajax and Mene help od
- Ajax goes to Ido and Nestor
- Paris hits greek healer
- nestor saves machaon
- Zeus panics big Ajax- driven to protect ships
- Nestor is with Macheon- Achilles sees and gets Pat to investigate
- Nestor condemns Achilles- Pat is the only person he will listen to- suggests pat could wear ach’s armour to scare the Trojans
- Pat tends to Eurypylus and asks if the greeks can win
- Trojans ultimately come out on top
book 12 summary long
- Pat helping Eurypylus
- day will be bad for Greeks- no Posiedon offering when wall built
- Hector and Trojans slaying towards the wall and ditch
- horses scared of ditch- dismount- 5 groups
- Ascius gets his horses to go- defeated
- eagle with snake- bites eagle, drops
- Hector rejects Polydamus interpretting this as negative
- Greeks defend, heartened by Ajaxes
- Sarpedon helped by Zeus with Glaucus
- Menestheus gets big Ajax and Teucer to defend from
- Teucer shoots Glaucus- retreats
- Zeus defends S from Teucer
- gridlock between 2 sides- Hector pushes forward with rock- thrown at gates, breaks gates
- set fire to boats, Greeks flee
book 13 summary long
- zeus tells gods not to get involved- faith in Olympians, leaves
- Poseidon goes to fight for Greeks
- P arms himself, takes on guise of Calchas, inspires Ajaxes, hits with staff
- P rallies other Greeks
- Ajaxes organise battalions well
- trojans attack- Hector is stopped
- Poseidon rallies Idomeneus as Thoas
- Meriones gets a new spear, Ido helps- concern about what each other think
- Poseidon fights for G, Zeus fights for T
- greeks and mene have great success
- hector still holds position at gates, defended
- polydamas tells hector to regroup
- Paris tells H of Trojan losses, lambasted
- Ajax and Hector trash talk and fight
book 14 summary long
- nestor is in his hut, macheon tells him to help
- nestor goes to the injured heroes
- aga sees nestor and is annoyed because Hector is so intent on burning the ships
- Nestor tells Agamemnon that the walls are down, and they plan
- Aga guesses that Zeus wants them to go home
- Odys lambasts Aga
- Diom says he is youngest and says he is great, tells them they should go and encourage the army
- Pos tells Aga how happy Ach is about Greek suffering, Greek army is invigorated
- Hera is happy and sees how angry Z is- plans to seduce him
- Hera gets Aphro to help make her hot, lying about reasons- breast plate
- Hera gets Sleep to make Z sleep after seduction- Heph footstool- refuses due to fear- Hera promises a grace to marry him
- Hera sleeps with Zeus and he sleeps
- Sleep tells P about the plan and to rally the Greeks
- arming scene
- Hector and big Ajax- H fires spear, enfuriates, A hits H with rock, stunned
- H saved
- little Ajax kills most people
book 15 summary long
- Gs have pushed the Trojans back to the ditch, scared
- Zeus wakes up and sees P and Hector throwing up blood
- Zeus lambasts Hera
- Z tells H that he will help Ts and push Gs to kill Patroclus from killing Hector to get Achil to come out
- H goes to Olympus, Themis helps
- H warns the God about Zeus anger, says Ares’s son is dead
- Athena tells him not to
- Hera gets Iris and Apollo to go and see Zeus
- tells Iris to tell Pos not to fight for the Greeks
- Pos tells iris to say- if Z spares Troy, no gods will ever like him
- Pos leaves
- Z tells Apollo to encourage and heal Hector to push Gs back
- Apollo heals Hector and encourages Ts
- Greeks are confused about H
- Apollo leads Ts into battle- many deaths
- Greeks flee to ships, Hec encourages to take ships, get into chariots, Apollo removes ditch
- Greeks start praying, Z sends thunder- encourages Ts
- Pat is still w Eurypylus- goes to Ach to get to fight
- Trojans on G ships- Ajax is slaying
- H kills friend, Teucer goes sicko mode and Z protects Hector
- Hector and Ajax rally their sides
- Trojans on ships- Z wont stop until 1 ship burns
- Z is trying to get Ach to come out
- Nestor goes to supplicate Greeks- Athena gets involved- lifts mist
- Ajax desperately defends ship from fire
- Hector calls for fire
