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Physics - S2 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What do all waves transfer?

A

Energy from one point to another through vibrations

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2
Q

What do some waves transfer and examples?

A

Information - Sound, Light, Radiowaves, Microwaves

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3
Q

What is a mechanical wave? Examples?

A

A wave that travels energy through one point to another using matter

(Water waves, Sound waves, Secondary Earthquake waves)

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4
Q

What is a transverse wave? Examples?

A

A wave in which the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of travel.

(Water waves, Secondary Earthquake waves, EM Spectrum)

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4
Q

What are the two types of mechanical waves?

A

Transverse and longitudinal

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5
Q

What do no waves transfer?

A

Matter

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6
Q

What is the equation for frequency?

A

F = 1/T

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6
Q

What is the unit for frequency?

A

Hertz - Hz

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7
Q

What is the time period?

A

The time one full wavelength of an wave to pass by a certain point.

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8
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of wavelengths that pass through a point in one second

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9
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance between two identical points on neighbouring waves.

Symbol - lamda - look in book

E.g Two peaks, Crests, Rarefactions or Compressions

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10
Q

What is a longitudinal wave? Examples?

A

A wave in which the vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel

Sound waves, Ultrasound waves, Primary earthquake waves

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11
Q

What are compressions and rarefactions?

A

Sections of a wavelength that are pushed together are called compressions

Sections of a wavelength that are stretched out are called rarefactions.

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11
Q

What is hearing range of a healthy young person?

A

The range of frequencies you can hear is called your hearing
range.

The hearing range of a healthy young person is 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz

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12
Q

What size of an amplitude on a graph means a loud quiet sound?

A

A large amplitude = loud
A small amplitude = quiet

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13
Q

What amount of waves on a graph means high or low frequency?

A

A high number of waves = high frequency
A low number of waves = low frequency

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13
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Any frequency above 20,000 Hz

Cannot be heard by humans.

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14
Q

How can echoes be used?

A
  1. Measuring the depth of water
  2. Measuring the depth of fish under a boat
  3. Measuring the speed of a car with a speed gun
15
Q

How is ultrasound used?

A

Ultrasound can be used to measure the foetal head diameter.

Ultrasound can be used in industry to detect defects in metals.

16
Q

What is the equation to find the depth of a basin of water etc

A

s = d/t
Never use depth for d always use distance

16
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

330 - 340 m/s

17
Q

What is the speed of light in air?

A

This speed is referred to as the speed of light c.
C = 300,000,000 m/s or 3 x 10 to the power of 8 m/s.

18
Q

What is the equation to find the speed of a wave?

A

V = f X Lamda

19
Q

Label the different parts of a wavelength?

A

Look in Book :D

20
What is the difference between mechanical and EM waves?
Mechanical waves – produced by a disturbance in a material medium EM waves – produced by a disturbance in the form of a varying electric and magnetic field. Mechanical waves require matter while Em waves do not
21
What is radar and how is it used?
Radar is often E.M waves fired above water to detect aerial objects. Often used by the military to detect planes/missiles etc in the sky as the E.M waves travel at 300,000,000 m/s
22
What is sonar and how is it used?
Sonar is often sound waves fired under water to detect underwater objects. Often used by the military to detect submarines etc under boats as sound waves travel much faster than submarines
23
At what speed do EM waves travel?
All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed. In a vacuum (space), they travel at 300,000,000 m/s!
24
How far does an E.M wave travel in a second?
This is approx. 7.5 times around the equator per second.
25
How long does light take from the sun take to reach us?
It takes the light from the sun 8 minutes to reach us here on Earth.
26
What are EM waves made up of?
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves made up of electric and magnetic fields.
27
How does the energy of EM waves change and what do they depend on?
⚫ The amount of energy carried by an electromagnetic wave depends on the wavelength: the shorter the wavelength, the higher its energy. ⚫ Wavelength and frequency are linked properties of a wave: the shorter the wavelength, the higher its frequency. ⚫ So, frequency also tells you about the energy of a wave: the higher its frequency, the higher the energy.
28
What is the order of EM waves in order of changing energy and wavelength? Biggest wavelength to smallest
Electromagnetic waves form a continuous series in order of changing wavelength, frequency and energy. This series is called the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio waves microwaves infrared visible light UV X-rays Gamma rays 0.1m + 10cm 1mm 0.01mm 100nm 1nm 0.01nm
28
What happens when light hits a surface?
When electromagnetic waves hit a surface, they can be reflected, absorbed or transmitted. How the waves behave, depends on their energy and the type of material. For example, light waves are reflected by skin but X-rays pass straight through.
29
What does an EM wave do to the temperature of an object?
If electromagnetic waves are absorbed, some of their energy is absorbed by the material. This usually increases the temperature of the material.
30
What surfaces our good at reflecting light? Examples?
Some surfaces can reflect electromagnetic waves. Shiny surfaces are good reflectors of light waves. A mirror reflects most of the light waves that hit it. When waves are reflected, some of their energy may also be absorbed by the material. The curved satellite dish reflects microwaves from a satellite to the receiver. Light reflects into our eyes so we could see
30
What are uses of each EM wave?
Radio waves: Bluetooth and radios in cars. Microwaves: Heating food and mobile phones. IR: Sensors on cars for reversing. Visible light: Seeing things. UV: Detecting forced bank notes. X-Ray: Detecting broken bones. Gamma: Used in medical imaging such as PET scans.
31
How can EM waves be harmful?
Microwaves cause internal heating of body tissues. Infrared radiation is felt as heat and causes skin burns. Certain wavelengths of ultraviolet can damage skin cells and lead to skin cancer. Intense visible light can damage eyes. X-rays and gamma rays damage cells, which may lead to cancer.
32
What happens to the properties of a wavelength as it travels into deep water?
Speed - Increases Wavelength - Increases Frequency - Constant
33
What happens to the properties of a wavelength as it travels into shallow water?
Speed - decreases Wavelength - decreases Frequency- constant
34
What happens to the reflected ray when travelling from deep water into shallow water?
It bends towards the normal i > r
35
What happens to the reflected ray when it travels from shallow to deep water?
It bends away from the normal r > i
36
When a ray is reflected what is the relationship between the angle of incident and angle of reflection?
They are equal i = r

Physics - S2 (5 decks)

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