Unit 3 Module 1 Maternal Phys(Exam 2) Flashcards
Its a numbers game for this one
At what gestational age is a pregnancy considered “term gestation”?
a) 32-34 weeks
b) 34-36 weeks
c) 37-40 weeks
d) 40-42 weeks
c) 37-40 weeks
Slide 3
True or False
Anything before 40weeks is considered “pre-term”
False
Anything before 37 weeks is considered “pre-term”
How many trimesters are there in a full-term pregnancy?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
b) 3
Slide 3
What is the definition of “parturient”?
a) A woman who has never been pregnant
b) A woman who has had multiple pregnancies
c) One who is pregnant or in labor
d) One who has given birth to more than two children
c) One who is pregnant or in labor
Slide 4
What does “gravida” refer to?
a) Number of pregnancies
b) Number of live births
c) Number of miscarriages
d) Number of gestational weeks
a) Number of pregnancies
Slide 4
The term “para” refers to the number of ___.
a) Pregnancies a woman has had
b) Births that occur at ≥20 weeks gestation
c) Miscarriages before 20 weeks
d) Fertility treatments
b) Births that occur at ≥20 weeks gestation
slide 4
True or False
Still-Births are considered “para” if they happen >/20 weeks of gestation
True
Live or still-births >/20weeks are considered “para”
Slide 4
A woman who has never been pregnant is referred to as ___.
a) Nulliparous
b) Primigravida
c) Multiparous
d) Nulligravida
d) Nulligravida
G0P0 = nulligravida/nulliparous
Slide 4
A woman who is G1P0 is considered:
a) Nulligravida and nulliparous
b) Primigravida and multiparous
c) Primigravida and nulliparous
d) Multigravida and multiparous
c) Primigravida and nulliparous
AKA - “Primip” - Pregnant but not yet had the baby
Slide 4
True or False
A G1P0 can mean a patient is pregnant and has had a miscarriage prior to 20weeks.
True
Slide 4
If a woman is currently pregnant for the fourth time and has had one miscarriage and two live births, her obstetric history would be recorded as G___P___.
a) G3P2
b) G4P2
c) G3P3
d) G4P3
b) G4P2 - Multigravida/Multiparous “Multip”
This also could mean she has been pregnant 4 times and had two miscarriages prior to 20weeks..
Slide 4
A woman who has had three pregnancies and two live births would be classified as:
a) G2P2
b) G2P3
c) G3P2
d) G3P3
c) G3P2
Also can mean she has has one miscarriage prior to 20weeks..
Slide 4
True or False
A “multip” could have more complications as in bleeding or a fast birth?
Trure
Slide 4
What is considered a normal and healthy minimum weight gain during pregnancy?
a) 8 kg
b) 10 kg
c) 12 kg
d) 15 kg
c) 12 kg
Slide 5
Which of the following contributes approximately 2 kg to total pregnancy weight gain?
a) Increased blood volume
b) Placental weight
c) Amniotic fluid
d) Uterine growth
a) Increased blood volume
Slide 5
How much weight gain is attributed to uterus and amniotic fluid combined?
a) 1 kg
b) 2 kg
c) 3 kg
d) 4 kg
b) 2 kg
(1 kg each for uterus and amniotic fluid)
Slide 5
During pregnancy, new fat and protein stores contribute to an approximate weight gain of ___ kg.
a) 1 kg
b) 2 kg
c) 3 kg
d) 4 kg
d) 4 kg
Which of the following correctly matches a pregnancy weight component to its approximate weight gain?
a) Fetal weight + placenta = 4 kg
b) Blood volume increase = 3 kg
c) New fat and protein stores = 2 kg
d) Uterus and amniotic fluid combined = 3 kg
a) New fat and protein stores = 4kg
Slide 5
Matching
1 → D → IV (Underweight: 28-40 lb, 1 lb/wk)
2 → B → III (Normal weight: 25-35 lb, 1 lb/wk)
3 → A → II (Overweight: 15-25 lb, 0.6 lb/wk)
4 → C → I (Obese: 11-20 lb, 0.5 lb/wk)
Slide 6
By how much does blood volume increase during pregnancy?
a) 10-15%
b) 20-25%
c) 30-35%
d) 40-45%
c) 30-35%
Slide 7
Between which weeks of pregnancy does blood volume expansion occur?
a) 4-20 weeks
b) 8-32 weeks
c) 12-36 weeks
d) 20-40 weeks
b) 8-32 weeks
Slide 7
By what gestational age does the majority of blood volume increase occur?
a) 16 weeks
b) 20 weeks
c) 24 weeks
d) 28 weeks
c) 24 weeks
Slide 7
During pregnancy, which component of blood increases more significantly?
a) Red blood cells (RBCs)
b) Plasma
c) Platelets
d) Hematocrit
b) Plasma
Expansion of both plasma & red blood cell volume (Plasma > RBC)
Slide 8
The primary reason for blood volume expansion during pregnancy is:
a) To improve maternal oxygen uptake
b) To increase metabolic rate
c) To compensate for anticipated blood loss during delivery
d) To prevent blood clot formation
c) To compensate for anticipated blood loss during delivery
Slide 8
Approximately how much blood loss occurs during a vaginal delivery?
a) 250 mL
b) 500 mL
c) 750 mL
d) 800 mL
b) 500 mL
Slide 8
How much blood loss is expected during a cesarean section (C/S)?
a) 500 mL
b) 600 mL
c) 800 mL
d) 1000 mL
c) 800 mL
Slide 8
After delivery, blood volume returns to pre-pregnancy levels within:
a) 6 weeks
b) 8 weeks
c) 10 weeks
d) 12 weeks
a) 6 weeks
Slide 8
What is the approximate blood volume (BV) in a non-pregnant individual?
a) 45 ml/kg
b) 55 ml/kg
c) 65 ml/kg
d) 75 ml/kg
c) 65 ml/kg
Slide 9
What is the approximate blood volume (BV) in a pregnant individual?
a) 80-85 ml/kg
b) 85-90 ml/kg
c) 85-100 ml/kg
d) 90-95 ml/kg
b) 85-90 ml/kg
Slide 9
By how much does cardiac output increase at term during pregnancy?
a) 10%
b) 25%
c) 35%
d) 40%
d) 40%
Slide 10
What physiological factor contributes to the increase in cardiac output by 6 weeks of pregnancy?
a) Increase in maternal stroke volume
b) Increase in maternal heart rate
c) Decrease in maternal oxygen demand
d) Decrease in systemic vascular resistance
b) Increase in maternal heart rate
Slide 10
What additional factor contributes to increased cardiac output by 8-10 weeks of pregnancy?
a) Increased stroke volume
b) Decreased stroke volume
c) Decreased maternal heart rate
d) Increased systemic vascular resistance
a) Increased stroke volume
Slide 10
Increased plasma renin activity during pregnancy is primarily responsible for:
a) Decreased plasma volume
b) Decreased sodium and water retention
c) Increased aldosterone production
d) Increased systemic vascular resistance
c) Increased aldosterone production
slide 11
Rearrange the following physiological changes in the correct order leading to increased cardiac output during pregnancy:
A. Increased plasma volume
B. Increased stroke volume
C. Increased sodium (Na⁺) reabsorption in the kidneys
D. Increased preload (venous return to the heart)
E. Increased aldosterone secretion
F. Increased cardiac output
G. Increased water retention
E → Increased aldosterone secretion
C → Increased sodium (Na⁺) reabsorption in the kidneys
G → Increased water retention
A → Increased plasma volume
D → Increased preload (venous return to the heart)
B → Increased stroke volume
F → Increased cardiac output
slide 11
How much does uterine blood flow (UBF) increase by term gestation?
a) 2-5 times
b) 5-10 times
c) 10-20 times
d) 20-30 times
c) 10-20 times
Slide 12
What is the baseline uterine blood flow in a non-pregnant individual?
a) 30 ml/min
b) 50 ml/min
c) 100 ml/min
d) 150 ml/min
b) 50 ml/min
Slide 12
What is the approximate uterine blood flow at term gestation?
a) 100 ml/min
b) 250 ml/min
c) 500 ml/min
d) 700 ml/min
d) 700 ml/min
Slide 12
How much does skin blood flow increase during pregnancy?
a) 3-4x
b) 5-6x
c) 6-7x
d) 8-9x
a) 3-4x
Slide 12
Which of the following are effects of increased skin blood flow during pregnancy? (Select three)
A. Increased skin temperature
B. Flushing
C. Decreased cardiac output
D. Itching
E. Reduced blood volume
A. Increased skin temperature
B. Flushing
D. Itching
slide 12
During pregnancy, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) ____________
a) Increases by 20%
b) Decreases by 20%
c) Remains the same
d) Increases due to higher blood volume
b) Decreases by 20% lower than pre-pregnant values
Slide 13
Which of the following contribute to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during pregnancy? (Select four)
A. Increased progesterone levels
B. Decreased relaxin levels
C. Increased SNS activation
D. Increased systemic vasoconstriction
E. Increased relaxin levels
F. Increased estrogen
A. Increased progesterone levels
B. Decreased relaxin levels
E. Increased relaxin levels
F. Increased estrogen
slide 13
Which best describes the vascular state of normal pregnancy?
a) High flow, high resistance
b) Low flow, high resistance
c) High flow, low resistance
d) Low flow, low resistance
c) High flow, low resistance
Slide 14
Which two physiological changes contribute to decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during pregnancy?
select 2
A. Decreased maternal vasodilation
B. Low-resistance placental circulation
C. Increased renal vasculature resistance
D. Increased maternal vasodilation
B. Low-resistance placental circulation
C. Increased maternal vasodilation
Slide 14
Which of the following are consequences of decreased SVR in pregnancy?
A. Maternal vasoconstriction
B. Decreased renal vascular resistance
C. High-resistance placental circulation
D. Increased renal vascular resistance
B. Decreased renal vascular resistance
Slide 14
Systemic vascular resistance ___ during pregnancy, leading to a decrease in ___.
a) Increases; cardiac output
b) Increases; venous return
c) Decreases; preload
d) Decreases; afterload
d) Decreases; afterload
Slide 15
By how much does left ventricular (LV) mass increase by term during pregnancy?
a) 10%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 75%
c) 50%
slide 16
Which type of ventricular hypertrophy is referred to as the “Athlete’s Heart”?
A. Concentric hypertrophy
B. Eccentric hypertrophy
C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D. Dilated cardiomyopathy
B. Eccentric hypertrophy
slide 16
Eccentric hypertrophy primarily occurs due to:
A. Increased afterload and decreased blokd volume
B. Increased systemic vascular resistance
C. Decreased myocardial oxygen demand
D. Increased preload and blood volume
Answer: B. Increased preload and blood volume
D. Increased preload and blood volume
Slide 16
During pregnancy, the heart shifts _________ and _________ due to diaphragmatic elevation from the growing uterus.
A. Posterior, right
B. Inferior, right
C. Anterior, left
D. Superior, left
C. Anterior, left
slide 17
The PMI (point of maximal impulse) shifts _________ and to the _________, typically to the 4th intercostal space.
A. Downward, right
B. Upward, left
C. Downward, left
D. Upward, right
B. Upward, left
Slide 17
On a chest radiograph, the heart may appear _________ due to its shift anteriorly.
A. larger
B. smaller
C. compressed
D. inverted
A. larger
Slide 17
During pregnancy, the QRS axis shifts:
A. Rightward in the 3rd trimester
B. Inferiorly throughout pregnancy
C. Leftward in the 3rd trimester
D. Anteriorly in the 2nd trimester
C. Leftward in the 3rd trimester
Slide 19
Which of the following EKG changes are commonly observed in pregnancy?
(Select 3)
A. Leftward QRS axis shift
B. T wave inversions
C. ST-segment elevation
D. QT interval increased
E. Prolonged PR interval
A. Leftward QRS axis shift
B. T wave inversions (Lead III)
D. QT interval increased (but often WNL)
Slide 19
What factors contribute to a shortened PR interval in pregnancy? (Select all that apply)
A. Decreased sympathetic activity
B. Decreased AV node conduction velocity
C. Accelerated AV node conduction velocity
D. Increased sympathetic activity
C. Accelerated AV node conduction velocity
D. Increased sympathetic activity (In 3rd trimester)
Slide 19
Which of the following EKG findings are consistent with left axis deviation (LAD)? (Select 4)
A. Positive QRS in Lead I
B. Negative QRS in Lead I
C. Positive QRS in aVL
D. Positive QRS in aVR
E. Negative QRS in aVF
F. Negative QRS in aVL
G Negative QRS in Lead II
A. Positive QRS in Lead I
C. Positive QRS in aVL
E. Negative QRS in aVF
G Negative QRS in Lead II
Slide 20
Increased cardiac size and hormonal changes contribute to tachydysrhythmias in pregnancy.
True
These are the most common EKG “abnormalities”
Which of the following arrhythmias are commonly seen in pregnancy?
Select 2
A. PACs
B. Atrial flutter
C. PVCs
D. Third-degree heart block
A. PACs
C. PVCs
Slide 21
Pregnancy-related tachydysrhythmias are caused by _________ in cardiac ion channel conduction and _________ in cardiac size.
A. Increase, increase
B. Decrease, decrease
C. Increase, decrease
D. Decrease, increase
A. Increase, increase
Slide 21
True or False
Decreased cardiac size and hormonal changes contribute to tachydysrhythmias in pregnancy.
False
Increased cardiac size
Slide 21
What are common causes of tachydysrhythmias in pregnancy? (Select 2)
A. Change in cardiac ion channel conduction
B. Anorexia
C. Decrease in autonomic tone
D. Hormonal influences
E. Decreased sympathetic activity
A. Change in cardiac ion channel conduction
D. Hormonal influences
Slide 21
Which valvular abnormalities occur in more than 90% of pregnant patients?
A. Aortic and mitral regurgitation
B. Tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitation
C. Mitral stenosis and tricuspid stenosis
D. Aortic stenosis and pulmonic stenosis
:B. Tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitation
Slide 22
What percentage of pregnant patients experience mitral regurgitation?
A. 10-15%
B. 20-25%
C. 25-30%
D. 40-50%
C. 25-30%
Slide 22
The valvular changes in pregnancy are often severe and require long-term management postpartum.
False
These are reversible changes that will
return to normal in postpartum period
Slide 22
The third heart sound (S3), often heard in pregnancy, is also referred to as a _________ and is commonly heard in the _________ trimester.
A. Atrial gallop, first
B. Diastolic murmur, first
C. Systolic murmur, second
D. Ventricular gallop, third
D. Ventricular gallop, third
Slide 23
The fourth heart sound (S4) in pregnancy:
A. Becomes more pronounced at term
B. Disappears at term
C. Indicates heart failure in all cases
D. Is best heard over the pulmonic area
B. Disappears at term
Slide 23
A Grade II systolic ejection murmur (SEM) in pregnancy is best heard:
A. At the right sternal border
B. Over the left axilla
C. At the apex of the heart
D. Over the carotid arteries
A. At the right sternal border
Slide 23
Which factors related to pregnancy complications can contribute to blood pressure changes? (Select 3)
A. Fetal sex
B. Pregnancy complications
C. Gestational age
D. Maternal diet
E. Pre-existing conditions
B. Pregnancy complications
C. Gestational age
E. Pre-existing conditions
Slide 24
Which factors influence blood pressure during pregnancy? (Select two)
A. Parity
B. Amount of fetal movement
C. Maternal age
D. Hair growth during pregnancy
A. Parity
C. Maternal age
Slide 24
_________ compression occurs when the enlarged uterus compresses the inferior vena cava and aorta, which can lead to a drop in blood pressure.
A. Carotid
B. Aortocaval
C. Jugular
D. Venous
B. Aortocaval
Supine position causes the gravid uterus to compress inferior vena cava and aorta
Slide 24
Anesthetic drugs that cause _________ can exacerbate aortocaval compression, leading to decreased venous return and hypotension.
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Tachycardia
C. Bradycardia
D. Vasodilation
D. Vasodilation
Slide 25
Aortocaval compression can begin as early as _________ weeks gestation due to the increasing size of the gravid uterus.
A. 8–10
B. 13–16
C. 20–24
D. 30–34
B. 13–16
Slide 25
Put the following events of aortocaval compression in the correct order:
1. Decreased cardiac output
2. Decreased perfusion to the fetus
3. Decreased venous return to the right atrium
4. Decreased uterine blood flow
5. Hypotension
3 → 1 → 5 → 4 → 2
Slide 26
The initial cardiovascular response to aortocaval compression is _________, which is later followed by _________.
A. Tachycardia, bradycardia
B. Bradycardia, tachycardia
C. Hypertension, hypotension
D. Increased venous return, decreased cardiac output
A. Tachycardia, bradycardia
Slide 27
Which of the following symptoms may indicate aortocaval compression? (Select 4)
A. Nausea/Vomiting (N/V)
B. Flushing
C. Loss of consciousness
D. Fetal distress
E. Hypertension
F. Pallor
A. Nausea/Vomiting (N/V)
C. Loss of consciousness
D. Fetal distress
F. Pallor
Slide 27
To relieve aortocaval compression, the patient should be tilted to which side?
A. Left
B. Trendelenburg
C. Supine
D. Right
A. Left - LUD = Left Uterine Displacement
Displace uterus off vena cava and aorta
Slide 28
Which cardiovascular changes occur during the first stage of labor between and during contractions? (Select 3)
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Decreased blood volume
C. Increased heart rate
D. Autotransfusion of blood from the uterus
E. Decreased systemic circulation
A. Increased cardiac output
C. Increased heart rate
D. Autotransfusion of blood from the uterus
Slide 29
How much blood is autotransfused into the general circulation with each contraction?
A. 100–200 mL
B. 300–500 mL
C. 600–800 mL
D. 50–100 mL
B. 300–500 mL
Slide 29
During the second stage of labor, cardiac output increases by approximately:
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
C. 50%
Slide 30
During the second stage of labor, cardiac output increases by approximately _________%, primarily due to _________ efforts.
A. 25, breathing
B. 45, relaxation
C. 50, pushing
D. 10, reduced stroke volume
C. 50, pushing
Therefore the heart rate also increases
Slide 30
What percentage increase in cardiac output occurs immediately after delivery?
A. 30–50%
B. 50–70%
C. 60–80%
D. 90–100%
C. 60–80%
Slide 31
Which factors contribute to the increased cardiac output immediately postpartum? (Select 2)
A. Increased pressure on the vena cava
B. Uterine continuing to contract
C. Relief of pressure on the vena cava
D. Increased systemic vascular resistance
E. Decreased circulating blood volume
B. Uterine continuing to contract -releasing blood into systemic circulation
C. Relief of pressure on the vena cava
Slide 31
Cardiac output begins to decline within _________ minutes of delivery and returns to normal by _________ hours postpartum.
A. 10, 24
B. 20, 12
C. 5, 48
D. 15, 36
A. 10, 24
Slide 31
Pregnancy leads to vascular engorgement of the airway, resulting in _________ tissue and a potential for a* _________ airway.
A. Friable, difficult
B. Thickened, narrowed
C. Stiff, restricted
D. Inelastic, obstructed
A. Friable, difficult
Edemetous as well
Slide 32
One common symptom of increased airway vascularity in pregnancy is _________, which may present as nasal congestion or _________.
A. Bronchospasm, wheezing
B. Rhinitis, nosebleeds
C. Hypoxia, coughing
D. Tracheomalacia, respiratory failure
B. Rhinitis, nosebleeds
Slide 32
Victoria Start 34
Hyperemia Anesthetic implications include (select 3)
A. ETT 6.0-0.6
B. use nasal trumpets
C.increased risk for airway obstruction
D.Mallampati class improvement
E.airway difficulties
A. ETT 6.0-6.5
C. increased risk for airway obstruction
E. airway difficulties
avoid nasal tube. trumpet/NGT
mallampati class may worsen
Slide 34
Progesterone can cause what 3 things
A. decrease sensitivity to CO2
B.bronchodilation
C.hyperemia
D. increase respiratory sensitivty to CO2
B.bronchodilation
C.hyperemia
D. increase respiratory sensitivty to CO2
slide 35
true or false
Estrogen will cause a decrease number and sensitivity of progesterone receptors in respiratory center in brain
false
increase number and sensitivity
so then will increase sensitvity to CO2
bronchodilation and hypermia/edema of respiratory passages
slide 35
Relaxin causes hormonal and mechanical changes including (select 3)
A. ligamentous attachments to lower ribs to relax
B. sunken chest
C.subcoastal angle increase
D. ligamentous attachemets to upper ribs relax
E. widened AP and transverse diameter of chest wall
A. ligamentous attachments to lower ribs to relax
C. subcoastal angles increase
E. WIdened AP and transverse diameter of chest wall (barrel chest)
slide 36
true or false
Pulmonary changes includes preservation of total lung capacity
true
slide 37
terminology review Matching
- FRC
- ERV
- RV
A. extra volumbe of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal expiration
B. volume of air that revents complete emptying of lungs and keeps small airways open
C. the volume of air that remains in the lungs after the ERV is expired
- FRC: B
- ERV: A
- RV: C
FRC=ERV + RV
slide 38
What will the decrease in FRC be at term?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 15%
D. 25%
A. 20%
slide 39
true or false
Gravid uterus leads to elevation of the diaphragm resulting in a 20% decrease in FRC
true
slide 39
Decreased FRC results from decreased ____ and ____ (select 2)
A. RV
B. ERV
C. IC
D. IRV
A. RV
B. ERV
slide 39
With an elevated diaphragm negative pleural pressure in increased causing
A. delayed closure of small airways
B. decreased surfactant in large airways
C. earlier closure of small airway
D. increased surfactant in large airways
C. ealier closure of small airways
slide 40
FRC decrease is more profound in _____ position
A. supine
B. lateral
C. Prone
D. sitting
A. supine 30%
diaphragm elevated even more
increased alveolar atelectasis
slide 41
The ________ may exceed FRC causing small airway closure, v/q mismatch, and decreased O2 saturation
A. expiratory reserve volume
B. tidal volume
C. closing capacity
D. Inspiratory reserve volume
C. closing capacity
slide 41
Which 2 respiratory volumes are increased in pregnancy
A. expiratory reserve volume
B. Tidal volume
C. inspiratory capacity
D. functional reserve capacity
B. Tidal volume
C. inspiratory capacity
slide 43
Increased metabolic CO2 production and respiratory drive related to high progesterone level is related to
A. expiratory reserve volume
B. Tidal volume
C. inspiratory capacity
D. functional reserve capacity
B. Tidal volume
slide 43
Which 2 respiratory volumes are unchanged in pregnancy
A. total lung capacity
B. Functional reserve capacity
C. expiratory reserve volume
D.Vital capacity
A. total lung capacity
D. vital capacity
slide 44
True or false
Pregnancy makes patient vulnerable to hypoxia
true
d/t elevated diaphragm (decreased FRC) and decreased oxygen reserves
will desat faster!!
slide 45
What is an extremely important factor for the pregnant population regarding anesthesia
A. pain control
B. supine position
C. maintain neutrality
D. preoxygenation
D. preoxygenation
may need supplemental O2 during labor and in times or distress
slide 46
What is the goal for preoxygenation?
A. bringing O2 to 98%
B. denitrogenate and oxygenate
C. nitrogenate and deoxygenate
D.so they can smell the balloon and you have time to get your life together
D. denitrogenate and oxygenate the bloodstream to a maximal level
* bring O2 sat as near as possible to 100%
* denitrogenate the residual lung capacity
* maximize the storage of oxygen in the lungs
slide 47
What are the 2 ways to preoxygenate
A. 3-5 vital capacity breaths with a tight face mask seal delivering 100% O2
B. 8 deep breaths of an oxygen flow rate of 10L /min within a time period of 60 seconds
C. 10 vital capacity breaths with a tight face mask seal delivering 100% O2
D. 3 deep breaths of an oxygen flow rate of 5L/min within 30 seconds
A. 3-5 vital capacity breaths with a tight face mask seal delivering 100% O2
B. 8 deep breaths of an oxygen flow rate of 10L /min within a time period of 60 seconds
slide 48
Not a question just read the card for tips you deserve a break
Preoxygenation tips: tight mask seal (can use mask straps), watch for an increase in FeO2 (0.9 is ideal), 20 degree reverse trendelenburg shown to be helpful in Pre O2
you’re welcome.. now back to work
slide 49
What is the ideal fraction expired O2 while preoxygenating
A.0.6
B.0.8
C.0.3
D.0.9
D. 0.9
I literally just gave a free one hope you didn’t disappoint
slide 49
How much does Oxygen consumption increase during pregnancy at term
A. 23%
B. 30%
C. 17%
D. 20%
D. 20%
can cause increase work of breathing and increased cardiac workload
increased metabloic need of fetus, uterus, and placenta
slide 50
When does dyspnea begin in pregnancy?
A.first trimester
B. second trimester
C. third trimester
A. first trimester
slide 51
What is dyspnea caused by in pregnancy (select 3)
A. decreased respiratory drive
B. increased O2 consumption
C. decreased PaCO2
D. lower pulmonary blood volume
E. increase RBC
F. nasal congestion
B. increased O2 consumption
C. decreased PaCO2
F. nasal congestion
also increased respiratpory drive, larger pulmonary blood volume, and anemia
slide 51
