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SHS Science 8 (SK) > Unit 2: Optics & Vision > Flashcards

Unit 2: Optics & Vision Flashcards

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1
Q

Transparent

A

Describes materials that allow light to pass through with little or no reflection allowing you to easily see through the material; for example glass (Pg. 93)

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2
Q

Opaque

A

Describes materials that do not allow light to pass through; for example, wood, metal, cardboard, etc (Pg. 92)

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3
Q

Reflection

A

Is the changing of direction of light as it hits an opaque material.

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4
Q

Umbra

A

The fully shaded region of a shadow (Pg. 93)

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5
Q

Penumbra

A

The partially shaded region of a shadow, formed by some light passing an opaque object (Pg. 93)

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6
Q

Specular Reflection

A

Reflection off smooth surfaces (Pg. 103)

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7
Q

Diffuse Reflection

A

Reflection of light off an uneven surface, which results in light scattering in many directions (Pg. 103)

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8
Q

Real Image

A

An image that appears on the same side of a concave mirror as the object; light rays pass through the object location and the image can be projected on to a screen (Pg. 108)

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9
Q

Virtual Image

A

An image that appears to be on the other side of a plane mirror; light rays do not pass through the image location (Pg. 108)

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10
Q

Incident Ray

A

Ray of light that arrives at a mirror or enters a substance (Pg. 102)

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11
Q

Refraction

A

Change in direction of light as it travels from one material to another (Pg. 112)

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12
Q

Concave Mirror

A

Reflecting surface that is curved inward like the inside of a bowl or spoon; light rays reflected from it converge or come together (Pg. 107)

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13
Q

Concave Lens

A

Piece of transparent material that is thinner in the middle than at the edges; it diverges or spreads out light rays passing through it (Pg. 121)

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14
Q

Convex Lens

A

Piece of transparent material that is thicker in the middle that at the edges; it converges, or brings together, light rays passing through it (Pg. 121)

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15
Q

Convex Mirror

A

Outwardly-curved reflecting surface that bulges out like the back of a spoon; light rays reflected from it diverge or spread out (Pg. 107)

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16
Q

Visible Light Spectrum

A

Colours of visible light which can be seen by the eye; the colours seen in a rainbow or when light is split by a prism (Pg. 139)

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17
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation

A

All forms of radiated energy: visible light, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, radio waves, X-rays, etc (Pg. 150)

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18
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between the top or peak of one wave to the peak of the next (Pg. 151)

19
Q

Ray

A

A directed straight line that represents the path followed by light (Pg. 93)

20
Q

Illuminance

A

The amount of light arriving at one place per unit area (Pg. 96)

21
Q

Lens

A

Piece of glass or another transparent material that either brings together or spreads light rays passing through it; has two opposite surfaces, either both curved or one plane and one curved (Pg. 119)

22
Q

Retina

A

Special lining on the back of your eye; when light hits the retina, receptor cells send messages to the brain, which are translated into an image (Pg. 126)

23
Q

Aperture

A

Hole or opening that lets light in a camera (Pg. 125)

24
Q

Diaphragm

A

Part that changes the size of the aperture of camera’s lens; it varies the amount of light that reaches the film or photosensitive elements (Pg. 126)

25
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the eye that lets light in (Pg. 125)

26
Q

CCD Matrix

A

A combination of Charged Coupled Device cells in a camera which has a similar function to the retina in the eye (Pg 126)

27
Q

Iris

A

Band of muscle in your eye that controls the size of the pupil and the amount of light entering your eye (Pg. 125)

28
Q

Addition Model of Colour

A

Theory that explains what happens when coloured lights are mixed together to produce colours (Pg. 143)

29
Q

Subtraction Model of Colour

A

Theory that explains what happens when coloured pigments (paints) are mixed together; each primary colour of pigment absorbs, or subtracts, a primary colour of light and reflects the other two (Pg. 146)

30
Q

Amplitude

A

Height of the wave from its middle rest position to its highest point (Pg. 151)

31
Q

Frequency

A

Number of times a wave source or medium vibrates in a given unit of time (Pg. 151)

32
Q

Bioluminescence

A

Light emitted from a living organism as a result of naturally occurring chemical reactions inside the organism (Pg. 161)

33
Q

Chemiluminescence

A

The production of light through a chemical reaction (Pg. 161)

34
Q

Phosphorescence

A

A glow caused by the absorption and then release of stored light (Pg. 162)

35
Q

Organic Light-emitting Diode (OLED)

A

A source of electroluminescence in which the light-emitting layer is an organic compound (Pg. 162)

36
Q

Elecroluminescence

A

The emission of light as a result of an electric current being passed through a material (Pg. 162)

37
Q

Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)

A

Source of artificial light; an opaque tube coated on the inside with a fluorescent material; uses ultraviolet light waves to make the fluorescent coating produce light (Pg. 163)

38
Q

Light-emitting Diode (LED)

A

Source of artificial light where light is produced by passing electricity through a semiconductor material (Pg. 163)

39
Q

Ray Diagram

A

Diagram used to represent how light travels; each ray has an arrow to shoe the direction of travel (Pg. 93)

40
Q

Shadow

A

Area of reduced light created whenever an opaque object blocks the path of light (Pg. 33)

41
Q

Law of Reflection

A

Angle of incidence of a wave hitting a surface equals the angle of reflection (Pg. 102)

42
Q

Focal Point

A

The point at which the light rays forming an image come together in focus (Pg. 127)

43
Q

Primary Colours of Light

A

Red, green, and blue light; adding these colours of light produces white light (Pg. 143)

SHS Science 8 (SK) (5 decks)

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