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IGCSE History > Unit 2 Again > Flashcards

Unit 2 Again Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What was the primary aim of the League of Nations (LoN)?

A

To preserve world peace and promote cooperation over problems

The League aimed to avoid war and resolve disputes among nations.

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3
Q

Who were some key figures that discussed how to avoid war?

A
  • Woodrow Wilson (USA)
  • DLG (Britain)
  • Jan Smuts (South Africa)

These leaders proposed ideas for organizations to manage international disputes.

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4
Q

What were the main components of the League of Nations’ organization?

A
  • Secretariat
  • Assembly
  • Council

The Secretariat handled administrative tasks, while the Assembly and Council dealt with policy and executive decisions.

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5
Q

What was the role of the Permanent Court of Justice (PCJ) in the League of Nations?

A
  • Offered arbitration services in disputes
  • Provided legal advice
  • Consisted of 11 judges and 4 deputy judges

The PCJ aimed to settle legal disputes peacefully.

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6
Q

What was the purpose of the International Labour Organization (ILO)?

A

To promote good working practices

The ILO represented governments, employers, and workers to improve labor conditions.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The League of Nations aimed to address international problems and meet for _______.

A

[disputes]

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8
Q

True or False: The USA was a founding member of the League of Nations.

A

False

The USA did not join due to Senate opposition to involvement in future conflicts.

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9
Q

Why was Germany initially not allowed to join the League of Nations?

A

Germany was not allowed to join until it proved peace after World War I

Germany joined in 1926 but was later removed under Hitler.

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10
Q

What were the three stages of collective security in the League of Nations?

A
  • Moral Disapproval
  • Economic Sanctions
  • Military Sanctions

These stages represented escalating responses to aggression.

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11
Q

What was one major problem with the League’s decision-making process?

A

Unanimous decisions were required for action

A single negative vote could block any motion, making it difficult to respond effectively.

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12
Q

What was one of the League’s successes in the 1920s?

A

The resolution of the Aaland Islands dispute in 1921

Sweden and Finland accepted the League’s decision, showcasing its effectiveness.

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13
Q

What incident in 1923 demonstrated the League’s ineffectiveness?

A

The Corfu Incident

Italy’s aggressive actions toward Greece highlighted the League’s inability to enforce peace.

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14
Q

What was the Refugee Organisation’s main achievement?

A

Helped 425,000 people find homes after WWI

Fridtjof Nansen led efforts to assist displaced individuals.

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15
Q

What health issues did the League of Nations’ Health Organization help to combat?

A
  • Typhus
  • Leprosy
  • Malaria
  • Yellow fever

The organization developed vaccines and linked with non-member countries for aid.

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16
Q

What was the impact of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 on the League of Nations?

A

It led to a dramatic decrease in production and trade, rising unemployment, and the rise of extremist parties

These factors made the League’s work significantly harder.

17
Q

What caused Japan to invade Manchuria in 1931?

A

Economic difficulties due to the Great Depression and the need for resources

Japan sought food, raw materials, and markets during a time of crisis.

18
Q

What was the outcome of the Lytton Commission’s findings on the Manchurian crisis?

A

The invasion was condemned, but Japan left the League

The Commission found the invasion unjustified, but the League’s lack of action led to Japan’s exit.

19
Q

What was the outcome of the vote regarding Japan’s actions in the League of Nations?

A

The findings were accepted by a vote of 42-1 to condemn Japan.

20
Q

What action did Japan take in response to the condemnation by the League of Nations?

A

Japan responded by leaving the League of Nations.

21
Q

What were the lessons learned from the Manchurian crisis regarding the League of Nations’ response?

A

The League did not react quickly enough and faced challenges without the Soviet Union or US.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The League of Nations did not react quickly enough during the Manchurian crisis, with the Assembly voting ______ months after Japan’s actions.

A

18

23
Q

Why did the World Disarmament Conference of 1932-34 fail?

A

Members failed to agree due to fear and anxieties of states not trusting one another.

24
Q

Which countries were particularly worried about future German aggression during the disarmament discussions?

A
  • France
  • Poland
  • Czechoslovakia
25
Q

What was Hitler’s stance on disarmament during the 1932-34 conference?

A

Hitler did not want to disarm and announced violations of the disarmament clause.

26
Q

What was Benito Mussolini’s motivation for invading Abyssinia?

A

Mussolini wanted to boost his popularity and seek revenge for Italy’s previous defeat.

27
Q

What technological advantages did the Italian army have over Abyssinia’s forces during the invasion?

A
  • Tanks
  • Airplanes
  • Gas
28
Q

Fill in the blank: Benito Mussolini transitioned from a ______ to a Fascist leader.

A

Socialist

29
Q

Who was Haile Selassie and what was his role during the Italian invasion?

A

Haile Selassie was the Emperor of Abyssinia and a symbol of resistance to fascism.

30
Q

What did the League of Nations do in response to Italy’s invasion of Abyssinia?

A

The League quickly enforced economic sanctions.

31
Q

What was the impact of the League’s economic sanctions on Italy during the Abyssinia invasion?

A

The sanctions made little impact as war materials were not prohibited.

32
Q

What secret deal were Britain and France prepared to make regarding Italy’s invasion of Abyssinia?

A

Italy would receive ⅔ of Abyssinia in exchange for ending the war.

33
Q

How did the League of Nations ultimately fail in its response to the Abyssinia invasion?

A

Britain and France’s contradictory needs led to a lack of effective support for the League.

34
Q

What were the consequences of Italy’s actions for the League of Nations?

A

Italy left the League in 1937 and aligned with Germany.

35
Q

True or False: The League of Nations played a significant role during World War II.

A

False

36
Q

What was the League of Nations considered in terms of collective security?

A

The first collective security council.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: Important elements from the League of Nations were built into the ______.

A

UN

IGCSE History (4 decks)

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