UNIT 11 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
syllabus
- Draw and interpret the displayed formula of a molecule to show all the atoms and all the bonds
- Name and draw the displayed formulae of:
(a) methane and ethane
(b) ethene
(c) ethanol
(d) ethanoic acid
(e) the products of the reactions stated in
sections 11.4–11.7 - WHICH IS: - Name and draw the structural and displayed
formulae of unbranched:
(a) alkanes
(b) alkenes, including
but-1-ene and but-2-ene
(c) alcohols, including
propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol and
butan-2-ol
(d) carboxylic acids
containing up to four carbon atoms per molecule - Name and draw the displayed formulae of the unbranched esters which can be made from unbranched alcohols and carboxylic acids, each containing up to four carbon atoms
- State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in -ane, -ene, -ol, or -oic acid or from a molecular formula or
displayed formula
hydrocarbons
as chain length increases…
molecules that consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms
boiling point INCreases.
∴ small chains = often gases, longer chains = liquids, extremely long chains = solids
a structural formula is…
an
unambiguous description of the way the atoms
in a molecule are arranged, including CH2=CH2, CH3CH2OH, CH3COOCH3
Define structural isomers
compounds with the
same molecular formula, but different structural
formulae,
including C4H10 as CH3CH2CH2CH3 and
CH3CH(CH3)CH3
and C4H8 as CH3CH2CH=CH2 and CH3CH=CHCH3
Write and interpret general formulae of
compounds in the same homologous series,
limited to:
alkanes
alkenes
alcohols
carboxylic acids
a) alkanes, CnH2n+2
(b) alkenes, CnH2n
(c) alcohols, Cn H2n+1 OH
(d) carboxylic acids, Cn H2n+1 COOH
hydrocarbons
compounds that
contain hydrogen and carbon only
petroleum (crude oil) is …
- a MIXTURE of HYDROCARBONS
- can be separated into useful fractions by FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
- as the different hydrocarbons have different chain lengths and ∴ different boiling points
DESCRIBE: separation of petroleum into useful fractions by fractional distillation
crude oil is heated until molecules evaporate, go into heat gradient tower. Once it has produced vapor, this cools and is separated into different fractions based on their boiling point
functional group
an atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a homologous series
a homologous series is…
a family of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group
Describe the general characteristics of a
homologous series
(a) having the same functional group
(b) having the same general formula
(c) differing from one member to the next by
a –CH2– unit
(d) displaying a trend in physical properties
(e) sharing similar chemical properties
a saturated compound has…
molecules in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds
an unsaturated compound has …
molecules in which one or more carbon–carbon bonds are not single bonds
Name the fossil fuels
coal, natural gas and
petroleum
Name methane as…
the main constituent of
natural gas
important rule about CARBON and valence electrons
carbon has 4 valence electrons
carbon always forms FOUR bonds
different formula - molecular, structural, empirical
molecular: reps the number & type of diff atoms in one molecule
structural: desc of the way the atoms in a molecule are arranged
empirical: simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms in a compound