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SHS Science 10 (SK) > Unit 1: Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

CR1

Chemical Reaction

A

Chemical change that involves the formation of new substances with new properties

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2
Q

CR1

Chemical Reaction

A

Chemical change that involves the formation of new substances with new properties

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3
Q

CR1

International Hazard System vs WHMIS System

A

International Hazard System:

  • The border shape around the symbol signifies the danger level of the hazard in the International Hazard System.
  • Only four symbols - poison, flammable. explosive, corrosive.

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS):

  • 10 symbols - flame, skull & crossbones, biohazardous, health hazard, flame over circle, exploding bomb, gas cylinder, corrosion, exclamation mark, environment.
  • Includes more detailed information on WHMIS label.
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4
Q

CR1

Endothermic Chemical Reaction

A

Type of chemical reaction where energy is ABSORBED from the surroundings

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5
Q

CR1

Energy can not be created or destroyed.

Energy is either…

A

Lost (released) or gained (absorbed)

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6
Q

CR1

Exothermic Chemical Reaction

A

Type of chemical reaction where energy is RELEASED to the surroundings

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7
Q

CR1

Five (5) Indicators of Chemical Reactions

A
  1. Colour Change
  2. Odour Change
  3. Formation of a precipitate (new solid substance)
  4. Gas Released
  5. Heat/Light released or absorbed
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8
Q

CR1

International Hazard System Symbols

A

Left To Right:

Corrosive DANGER

Corrosive WARNING

Corrosive CAUTION

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9
Q

CR1

International Hazard System Symbols

A

Left To Right:

Explosive DANGER

Explosive WARNING

Explosive CAUTION

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10
Q

CR1

International Hazard System Symbols

A

Left To Right:

Flammable DANGER

Flammable WARNING

Flammable CAUTION

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11
Q

CR1

International Hazard System Symbols

A

Left To Right:

Poison DANGER

Poison WARNING

Poison CAUTION

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12
Q

CR1

Indicators

A

Evidence that a chemical reaction might have taken place

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13
Q

CR1

Inferences

A

Explaining observations based on past experiences

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14
Q

CR1

MSDS stands for…

A

Material Safety Data Sheet

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15
Q

CR1

MSDS Sheets contain information in the following sections:

A
  1. Product information
  2. Hazardous Ingredients
  3. Physical Data
  4. Fire & Explosive Hazard
  5. Reactivity Data
  6. Toxicological Properties
  7. Preventive Measures
  8. First Aid Measures
  9. When It Was Made & Who To Contact for More Information
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16
Q

CR1

Observations

A

Collecting data using our senses

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17
Q

CR1

Products

A

Substances that form in a chemical reaction

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18
Q

CR1

Reactants

A

Substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction

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19
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Biohazardous

Biohazardous Infectious Materials

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20
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Corrosion

Serious Eye Damage

Skin Corrosion

Corrosive to Metals

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21
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Environment

Aquatic Toxicity

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22
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Exclamation Mark

Irritation (Skin/Eyes)

Skin Sensitization

Acute Toxicity (Harmful)

Specific Target Organ Organ Toxicity (drowziness, dizziness or respiratory irritation)

Hazardous to Ozone Layer

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23
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Exploding Bomb

Explosive

Self-Reactive (Severe)

Organic Peroxide (Severe)

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24
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

FLAME

Flammable

Self-Reactive

Pyrophoric

Self-Heating

Emits Flammable Gases When In Contact With Water

Organic Peroxide

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25
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Flame Over Circle

Oxidizer

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26
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Gas Cylinder

Gas Under Pressure

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27
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Health Hazard

Carcinogenicity

Respiratory Sensitization

Reproductive Toxicity

Specific Target Organ Toxicity

Germ Cell Mutagenicity

Aspiration Hazard

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28
Q

CR1

When are WHMIS labels used?

A

At school and every workplace where controlled chemicals are used.

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29
Q

CR1

WHMIS Labels contain information in the following sections:

A
  1. Product Identifier
  2. Initial Supplier Identifier
  3. Pictograms
  4. Signal Word
  5. Hazard Statements
  6. Precautionary Statements
  7. Supplemental Label Information
30
Q

CR1

WHMIS System

A

Skull and Crossbones

Acute Toxicity (Fatal or Toxic)

31
Q

CR2

Anion

A

An atom that has gained electron(s) resulting in a NEGATIVE charge

32
Q

CR2

Balanced Chemical Equations

A

Represents the IDENTITIES and relative AMOUNTS of reactants and products in a chemical reaction; the total number of each TYPE of atom remains the same

33
Q

CR2

Binary Compound

A

A type of compound that contains two (2) DIFFERENT elements

34
Q

CR2

Cation

A

An atom that has lost electron(s) resulting in a POSITIVE charge

35
Q

CR2

Chemical Equation

A

Represents reactants and products in a chemical reaction using their symbols and formulas

36
Q

CR2

Covalent Bond

A

Type of bond formed by two or more atoms SHARING electron(s)

37
Q

CR2

Diatomic Molecule

A

A type of molecule that contains two (2) IDENTICAL elements; H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

38
Q

CR2

Ion

A

An atom that has become charged by gaining or losing electron(s)

39
Q

CR2

Ionic Bond

A

Type of bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom (metal) to another (non-metal)

40
Q

CR2

Ionic Compound

A

A neutral compound that consists of positive and negative ions held together by an ionic bond

41
Q

CR2

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

States that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction

42
Q

CR2

Molecular Compound

A

A neutral compound composed of two (2) or more non-metals held together by covalent bonds

43
Q

CR2

Polyatomic Ion

A

An ion composed of two (2) or more non-metals bonded together covalently

44
Q

CR2

Scientific Law

A

A statement that summarizes a an observed pattern in nature FULLY proven

45
Q

CR2

Valence Electrons

A

Electron(s) located in the outermost (valence) shell of an atom; can be TRANSFERRED or SHARED with another atom

46
Q

CR2

Word Equation

A

Identifies reactants, products, and states of matter in a chemical reaction using names of the elements and compounds

47
Q

CR3

Combustion

A

Reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce oxides, light, and heat; most combustion reactions involve organic compounds

48
Q

CR3

Hydrocarbons

A

Organic compounds composed solely of HYDROGEN and CARBON atoms

49
Q

CR3

Incomplete Combustion

A

Occurs when there is NOT enough oxygen available to complete the full combustion reaction resulting in carbon monoxide being produced instead of or in addition to carbon dioxide; becomes a possibility when burning a hydrocarbon

50
Q

CR3

Organic Compounds

A

Molecular substances that contain carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides

51
Q

CR4

Catalyst

A

A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction when present but is not changed in the chemical reaction

52
Q

CR4

Collision Model

A

States that the number of effective collisions of reactant molecules affects the rate of a chemical reaction

53
Q

CR4

Controlling Variables In Experiments Is Done To…

A

Isolate factors that may influence a situation or event

54
Q

CR4

Hypothesizing Is…

A

Stating a tentative generalization that may explain events that can be tested with an experiment

55
Q

CR4

Impact Of Catalysts Being Present On Reaction Rate

A

Increases reaction rate and vice versa

56
Q

CR4

Impact Of Increase In Concentration On Reaction Rate

A

Increases reaction rate and vice versa

57
Q

CR4

Impact Of Increase In Pressure On Reaction Rate

A

Increases reaction rate and vice versa

58
Q

CR4

Impact Of Increase In Surface Area On Reaction Rate

A

Increases reaction rate and vice versa

59
Q

CR4

Impact Of Increase In Temperature On Reaction Rate

A

Increases reaction rate and vice versa

60
Q

CR4

Interpreting Data Is Based On…

A

Finding a pattern in a collection of data that leads to generalizations

61
Q

CR4

Rate of A Chemical Reaction = Reaction Rate

A

A measure of how quickly or slowly a reaction occurs

62
Q

CR4

Science Is Based On Evidence That…

A

Could be obtained by other people working in a different place and time under similar conditions

63
Q

CR4

Scientific Knowledge Is Based On…

A

Experimentation and observation

64
Q

CR4

Six (6) Factors Affecting Reaction Rate

A
  1. Nature of the reactants
  2. Temperature
  3. Pressure
  4. Concentration
  5. Surface area
  6. Presence or absence of a catalyst
65
Q

CR5

Acids

A

Substances with a pH LESS than 7 that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; sour tasting, good conductors of electricity, turns blue litmus paper red, and reacts with bases to form salt and water

66
Q

CR5

Bases

A

Substances with a pH MORE than 7 that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; bitter tasting, good conductors of electricity, feel slippery, turn red litmus paper blue, and reacts with acids to form salt and water

67
Q

CR5

Indicators

A

Substances that change color at specific pH levels

68
Q

CR5

Neutral Substance

A

A substance with a pH of 7 that is neither acidic or basic

69
Q

CR5

Neutralization

A

The reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water

70
Q

CR5

pH Scale

A

A scale that indicates the aciditiy or alkilinity of a solution; a change in one (1) level of pH on the scale indicates a TEN-FOLD change in acidity or alkilinity

71
Q

CR5

Salt

A

An ionic compound composed of a cation (+) from a base and an anion (-) from an acid

72
Q

CR5

The pH Scale Measures

A

The presence of hydrogen ions (H+)

SHS Science 10 (SK) (5 decks)

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