CS: Cells, Tissues, And Organ Systems Flashcards
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms (Pg. 1)
Diffusion
Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to areas of lower concentration (Pg. 33)
Multicellular
Having or being made up of two or more cells; most plants and animals are examples (Pg. 13)
Organ
Group of different types of tissues that work together to form a function (Pg. 3)
Organelle
In cells that have a nucleus, small structures that work within a cell preforming specific functions for the cell (Pg. 13)
Osmosis
Movement of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane from a area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (Pg. 34)
Selectively Permeable
Allowing certain substances, but not others, to pass through; cell membranes are an example (Pg. 33)
Organ System
Group of organs that work together to perform a function (Pg. 45)
Tissue
Group of the same type of cells that work together to perform a specific function (Pg. 3)
Unicellular
Having or being made up of only one single cell; most microscopic organisms are examples (Pg. 13)
Cytoplasm
The liquid-like substance contained in the cell (Pg. 13)
Specialized Cells
Cells in different parts of the body having special features that enable them to perform specific functions (Pg. 39)
Red Blood Cells
Cells that can carry oxygen to all the cells of the body (Pg. 39)
Connective Tissue
Tissue which supports other tissues and connects different parts of the body; includes blood, fat, bones, cartilage, and tendons (Pg. 39)
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that covers the surface of the body and the outside of organs; includes skin and the linings of passages inside the body (Pg. 39)
Nervous Tissue
Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and other parts of the body; includes brain, spinal cord, and nerves (Pg. 40)
Muscle Tissue
Tissue that allows the body to move; specialized for contraction (Pg. 40)
Interdependent
Depending on one another - here this refers to the concept that the body’s organ systems depend on one another to function (Pg. 43)
Respiratory System
A series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
Digestive System
A group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body.
Nervous System
A complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.
Excretory System
The system of an organism’s body that performs the function of excretion, the bodily process of discharging wastes.
Circulatory System
Is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body.
Heart
Fist-sized organ that acts as a hydraulic pump for the circulatory system; pumps blood throughout the body; has a squeezing (contracting) action followed by a relaxing action (Pg. 50)
Arteries
Tube-like blood vessels that take blood away from the heart, transporting it to to other parts of the body (Pg. 50)
Veins
In animals: tube-like vessels that transport blood from the organs back to the heart (Pg. 50)
Pulse
Bulge in an artery caused by the entry of new blood (Pg. 50)
Alveoli
Tiny air-filled sacs in the lungs surrounded by blood vessels (Pg. 61)
Capillaries
Thin, hair-like vessels connecting arteries and veins; capillary tissue is only one cell thick (Pg. 62)
Stimuli
A change in the environment that triggers a reaction or response (Pg. 66)
Turgor Pressure
Water pressure against the cell wall inside a plant cell.
Centrioles
Duplicate prior to mitosis and produce the spindle apparatus during cell division (mitosis).
Vacuole
Stores nutrients and waste products.
Cytoskeleton
Network of hollow tubes that provides shape, and internal organization.
Golgi Apparatus/Body
Sorts, modifies, and packages vesicles for delivery to other organelles.
Mitochondria
Site where cellular respiration happens.
Lysosome
Site of digestion within the cell.
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
Semi-fluid material surrounding organelles.
Ribosomes
Site where proteins are synthesized (made).
Nucleus
The control centre of the cell containing DNA (genetic information).
Chloroplast
Site where photosynthesis happens.
Cell/Plasma Membrane
The semi-fluid boundary that controls what passes in and out of the cell.
Cell Wall
Provides rigidity to plant cells allowing turgor pressure to develop.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Compartmentalizes the cytoplasm/cytosol. There are two (2) types: one with ribosomes (rough ER) & one without ribosomes (smooth ER).
Two Types of Slide Stains
Bromothymol Blue
Iodine
What is the function of the microscope part labelled #1?
Acts like a magnifying glass.
(Also known as the Ocular)
What is the function of the microscope part labelled #2?
Connects the eyepiece and the revolving nosepiece.