Unit 1

Question 1

computers

Answer 1

electronic devices that can perform computations and make logical decisions faster than human beings can

Question 2

hardware

Answer 2

the physical components of a computer (e.g., mouse, screen, keyboard, disks)

Question 3

software

Answer 3

the programs that run on a computer (e.g., operating systems, applicatoins)

Question 4

input unit

Answer 4

the section that receives information from input devices and sends it off to other units to be processed (e.g., mouse, keyboard, microphone)

Question 5

output unit

Answer 5

the section that sends information that has been processed to different output devices to be used outside of the computer (e.g., screen, printer, speaker)

Question 6

memory unit

Answer 6

(low-capacity “warehouse”) the section that stores information and keeps it there till it is needed to be outputted (e.g., memory, primary memory, RAM)

Question 7

secondary storage unit

Answer 7

(high-capacity “warehouse”) the section that places information(programs/data) that isn’t used often in larger storage units until they are used again (e.g., hard drives, CDs, flash drives)

Question 8

arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)

Answer 8

the section that does calculations and contains tools that allow the computer to make decisions

Question 9

central processing unit (CPU)

Answer 9

the section that manages the operations of other units (e.g., tells the input unit to read data, tells ALU to perform calculations)

Question 10

machine language

Answer 10

the computer’s “natural language”; made up of binary bode (1s and 0s); give the computer instructions to perform operations

Question 11

assembly language

Answer 11

abbreviations similar to English are used to represent simple computing operations

Question 12

high-level language

Answer 12

simple statements that perform reasonable amounts of tasks; allows you to code in what looks like everyday English with commonly used mathematical notations

Question 13

compilers

Answer 13

covert high-level language programs into machine language BEFORE the program runs

Question 14

interpreters

Answer 14

convert high-level language programs into machine language LINE-BY-LINE as the program runs

Question 15

Typical Java Environment Phases

Answer 15

Phase 1: Edit - where the program is typed and store on a disk, file name ending with .java
Phase 2: Compile - creates bytecodes and stores on disk, file name ending with .class
Phase 3: Load - loader reads file and puts bytecodes in memory (RAM)
Phase 4: Verify - verifier confirms the code is valid and doesn’t violate security restrictions
Phase 5: Execute - the program runs on the JVM and the interpreter reads code and compiles it into a language the computer can understand

Question 16

operating system

Answer 16

a software program that provides an interface that manages the computers hardware and software resources; allow users to access common services on computer programs

Question 17

Local Area Network (LAN)

Answer 17

a collection of devices connected together in one physical location

Question 18

client server model

Answer 18

a distribution of applications that divide tasks between servers and clients

Question 19

The Internet

Answer 19

the global network of computers and devices; when the U.S. The Department of Defense (ARPANET) was funding it and it originated from connecting a few computer systems

Question 20

The World Wide Web (WWW)

Answer 20

a common point of connectivity for information sharing/viewing

Question 21

IDE

Answer 21

Integrated Development Environment provides tools like an editor to write, edit and support the software-development process

Question 22

JVM

Answer 22

Java Virtual Machine is a software application that simulates a computer and executes bytecodes

Question 23

UML

Answer 23

Unified Modeling Language is a graphical language that allows people who design software systems to use an industry-standard notation to represent them (e.g., flowchart, diagram)

Question 24

object-oriented programming

Answer 24

a program model designed specifically for an object including the attributes and actions of the object

Question 25

class

Answer 25

basically a program that can construct objects with common properties and actions

Question 26

method

Answer 26

a block of code that is used to perform specific actions and is only executed when it is called (e.g., println(), Math.pow(), input.nextInt() )

Question 27

Library (API)

Answer 27

Application Programming Interface contains built-in prewritten classes that can be used