Techniques and Questions Flashcards
What does OARS stand for and what type of interview style is it?
OARS is a tool used in motivational interviewing to foster patient-centered communication and build rapport. It consists of four core techniques:
Open-Ended Questions
Encourages patients to share more about their experiences, thoughts, and feelings.
Example: “What changes have you been considering for your health?”
Affirmations
Statements that recognize strengths, efforts, or achievements to build confidence and motivation.
Example: “You’ve taken a big step by coming here today.”
Reflective Listening
Rephrasing or summarizing what the patient has said to show understanding and encourage further exploration.
Example: Patient: “I want to eat better but it’s hard.”
Clinician: “You’re trying to improve your diet, but it feels overwhelming.”
Summarizing
Periodically summarizing key points from the conversation to clarify understanding and reinforce motivation.
Example: “So far, you’ve shared that you’re concerned about your weight and are considering some lifestyle changes, but you’re not sure where to start.”
What is mindfulness
Mindfulness involves maintaining non-judgmental awareness of the PRESENT MOMENT, including thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations. It is a practice that can improve mental and physical health through the following techniques:
Focus on the Present
Anchoring attention to what is happening “here and now.”
Example: Using the breath as a point of focus.
Non-Judgmental Observation
Observing thoughts and emotions without labeling them as good or bad.
Example: Recognizing stress without reacting negatively to it.
Practical Applications
Reduces stress, improves focus, and enhances emotional regulation.
Techniques: Meditation, body scans, or mindful walking
What are some muscle relaxation techniques and what is the benefit?
Muscle relaxation techniques are practices designed to reduce physical tension, often used in stress management or pain relief. Common methods include:
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)
Involves systematically tensing and relaxing different muscle groups to promote awareness and relaxation.
Example: Starting with the feet, tense the muscles for 5–10 seconds, then release and notice the relaxation.
Deep Breathing with Relaxation
Combining diaphragmatic breathing with a focus on releasing muscle tension.
Example: Inhale deeply, and on the exhale, visualize tension leaving the body.
Guided Imagery
Using mental visualization to relax muscles by imagining soothing scenes or sensations.
Example: Picturing warmth flowing through tense areas.
These practices can support mental clarity, reduce stress, and alleviate physical discomfort.
According to J. Kabat-Zinn, mindfulness is characterized by:
A) Focused problem-solving
B) Awareness of the present moment without judgment
C) Goal-oriented meditation practices
D) Suppression of emotional responses
Answer:
B) Awareness of the present moment without judgment
Rationale:
A) Incorrect: While mindfulness can aid in problem-solving, it is not solely focused on this.
B) Correct: Kabat-Zinn emphasizes mindfulness as being present and non-judgmental toward one’s experiences.
C) Incorrect: Mindfulness is not goal-oriented but encourages acceptance of the current moment.
D) Incorrect: Mindfulness does not involve suppressing emotions but recognizing and accepting them.
