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Geography 3rd Form > London > Flashcards

London Flashcards

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1
Q

What 4 things cause Urbanisation?

A
  • Birth Rate
  • Economic Development
  • Location
  • Migration
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2
Q

How does Migration impact Urbanisation?

A

Rural –> Urban migration drives Urbanisation as people look for higher paying jobs and a better lifestyle

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3
Q

How does Birth Rate impact Urbanisation?

A

BR increases when DR decreases
–> Cities attract young people due to jobs, this leads to a natural increase and the population grows as young people meet.

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4
Q

How does Economic Development impact Urbanisation?

A

Cities that trade are good for new businesses or general businesses, meaning the grow economically, this creates jobs attracting more people in.

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5
Q

How does Location impact Urbanisation?

A

Usually cities are near rivers/ sea which means transport routes increase, meaning trade increases creating jobs bringing people in.

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6
Q

Which 4 things have been a consequence of migration on London

A

Pros
–> Chinese culture
–> Arts and Heritage
–> Mini India

Cons
–> London riots

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7
Q

How has Chinese culture impacted London?

A

China town celebrates Chinese New Year every year with music and dancing –> largest celebration outside China.

Restaurants attracts locals and tourists to London

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8
Q

How has Mini-India impacted London?

A

Asian fashion shows for large Asian population

Many shops sell Indian cuisine and clothes

There are Hindu temples dotted around London meaning places look and feel Indian creates a greater culture diversity for London.

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9
Q

How has Arts and Heritage impacted London?

A

93% of BAME (Black, Asian, Minority ethics) are very well qualified but aren’t in top roles. 74% of 93% are in non-skilled jobs.

93% of workforce in museums are white, most BAME do subjects suggested by parents or culture (rarely Arts)

The industry has begun to see the need for a higher diversity in culture + heritage

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10
Q

How has London Riots impacted London?

A

Many deaths of minority ethic groups at the hands of police have caused riots in London (thieves joined in but they are from poor areas of London or aren’t financially well off). This has caused social breakdown, addiction, debt and poor education. London are challenged with the re-building of many families.

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11
Q

What are the 5 opportunities of living in London?

A
  • Cultural Mix
  • Recreation + entertainment
  • Employment/ job opportunities
  • Transport
  • Urban Greening
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12
Q

How does Cultural Mix create opportunities in London?

A
  • New Foods
  • Different cultures to explore
  • multiculturism
  • exposure to different languages
  • exposure to different religions
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13
Q

What does cultural mix mean?

A

More than one culture living in a specific place

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14
Q

What does multiculturism mean?

A

Prescence of or support for the presence of several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within society

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15
Q

What are all the Recreation and Entertainment events in London?

A
  • 27 zoos
  • many sporting events
  • street entertainment
  • bars
  • many football, rugby, cricket teams
  • 8 royal parks
  • Olympics was hosted in London
  • Many concerts and cinema venues
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16
Q

What do all the Recreation and Entertainment mean for London?

A

Economic growth and an increase in tourism and migration to London

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17
Q

What are the 3 main reasons for living in London, employment opportunities wise?

A
  1. London has a high amount of major financial centre and a range of businesses. (attracts highly skilled workforce and 27% of jobs are in the area)
  2. London residents are more likely to get a higher paying job or profession than the rest of the UK.
  3. London creates 22% of the GVA ( Gross value added) showing there are many jobs available
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18
Q

What is an Integrated Transport system?

A

Multi model transport system where different modes of transport are efficiently linked with eachother.

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19
Q

How many ways has London got an Integrated transport system?

A

Ring roads (M25)
Gatwick & Heathrow & Stanstead serve as major hub international airports.
Buses + trains connect UK together
1 million Londoners have bikes, over 700,000 bike trips are made daily.
Cycle trips increased by 144% from 2000 -2018

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20
Q

What is Urban Greening?

A

Increasing amount of green spaces in a city

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21
Q

How does London help Urban Greening? (5 ways)

A
  1. Rooftop green areas
    –> 700 green rooftops in London (17.5 hectares)
  2. London’s strategic open space network map of green spaces + protecting them
    –> Green Belt
  3. Using canals as water bird breeding areas
  4. Major building plans take into account Urban Greening
    –> Olympic Park
  5. Large green areas are open to Londoners
22
Q

What is a greenfield site?

A

An area of land that’s never been built on. (usually in the countryside)

23
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

An area of land once used for building sites or building now unused

24
Q

What are the employment challenges in London?

A

Employment is a problem for London, in 2011 employment was 67.5% compared to the UK average of 70.3%.
Unemployment rate was 10% compared to UK 8.4%.

25
Q

What is Urban decline?

A

The deterioration of the inner city often caused by lack of investment and maintenance. Results in loss of population.

26
Q

When was there an example of Urban decline?

A

Population of London was 8.5 mill in 1939
Population of London was 6.9 mill in 1981

27
Q

What is Urban deprivation?

A

A standard of living below that of the majority in a particular society that involves hardships and lack of resources.

28
Q

Give a statistic of Urban deprivation?

A

28% of people live in poverty in London (2.5 million)
compared to 22% in UK

29
Q

How many brownfield sites are left abandoned in London?

A

There are around 250 hectares of brownfield sites in London which is almost the same size as Hyde park

30
Q

How is housing in parts London?

A

House prices are extremely high in London, many people choose to rent there house instead.

31
Q

How is education in parts of London?

A

Children in every part of London don’t get equal grades however some of the poorest borough’s schools are some of the

32
Q

How is Healthcare in parts of London?

A

The wealthier the area is the longer the people are. A survey showed that people who had poor health had the lowest income.

33
Q

What is the rural-urban fringe?

A

Edges of cities are known as the rural-urban fringe, cities are expanding outwards as they gain population, this is known as urban sprawl.

34
Q

How does Urban Sprawl impact people?

A
  • People need to commute to work via cars causing pollution
  • More people on the roads can cause more traffic and accidents, this leads to higher pollution rates.
  • Sprawling cities mean consumption of land, this can cause environmental damage.
  • The public may also have to pay more tax to pay for infastructure.
35
Q

How does Urban Sprawl impact people?

A
  • People need to commute to work via cars causing pollution
  • More people on the roads can cause more traffic and accidents, this leads to higher pollution rates.
  • Sprawling cities mean consumption of land, this can cause environmental damage.
  • The public may also have to pay more tax to pay for infrastructure.
36
Q

How is London affected by air pollution and what types are there?

A

London suffers from air pollution due to its dense road network. It suffers from the following pollutions:

Ozone pollution –> In summer + spring its harmful to human body

Nitrogen Dioxide –> harmful to human health causing respiratory problems

Particular matter –> Are tiny particles in solids and liquids which can settle in the airway and the lungs, this can cause an early death

37
Q

What are the advantages of building on a Greenfield Site?
(4 Advs)

A
  • No need to clean or destroy any buildings from land use before = cheaper
  • Road networks won’t impact planning
  • Land is cheaper as usually on the fringes of cities
  • Sites on the edges of cities provide good access to cities via motorways
38
Q

What are the advantages of building on a Brownfield Sites?
(4 Advs)

A
  • More sustainable as building on pre-used land
  • Stop city expansion –> decreases loss of countryside therefore increases travel time as city is more compact
  • Rad Networks, electricity and gas networks already exist meaning its easier for connection.
  • Easier to get planning permission as councils want to use brownfield sites
39
Q

Where were the 2012 Olympics held?

A

London, Stratford – Queen Elizabeth Park (Olympic)

40
Q

What was the purpose of holding the 2012 Olympics in Stratford?

A

Regenerate the area

41
Q

What was Newham like economically before the Olympics?

A

Newham was the second poorest borough in London at the time. With a low average annual salary of £20,000

42
Q

What happened to the Elizabeth Park?

A

Became more environmentally friendly with many green spaces.
Built stadiums over the park.
Increase in walk ways
Many flats and housing were built for the athletes as well
Westfield shopping centre was also introduced to the area

43
Q

What happened to the park after 2012?

A

Became an area of tourism and a place for locals to enjoy themselves.
Biking areas for enthusiasts
West Ham Rent the stadium
School were introduced schooling local children
Westfield attracts many people and has many designer brands

44
Q

How many people have visited the Park since 2012?

A

6 million

45
Q

How many homes were built?

A

20,000

46
Q

How many shops are at Westfield shopping centre

A

Around 200 shops

47
Q

How many jobs were created from Olympic park

A

110,000 jobs

48
Q

What are the velodrome and aquatics centre used for today?

A

Public use

49
Q

What’s the name of the newly built school near Olympic park?

A

Bobby Moore School

50
Q

What was set up outside Stratford for transport?

A

Train Station connecting London too Stratford
Bike sharing scheme –> Many biking areas are available in Olympic Park eg: canals, cycle routes

51
Q

What is the new eco-neighbourhood in Stratford?

A

Bed-Zed

Geography 3rd Form (3 decks)

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