Respiratory/Cardiovascular

Question 1

Hyperresonance on percussion of the lungs could indicate what?

Answer 1

Increased quantity of air, potentially emphysema or pneumothorax

Question 1

cough that lasts longer than ______ is a chronic cough

Answer 1

8 weeks

Question 1

A cough that lasts less than ______ is an acute cough

Answer 1

3 weeks

Question 2

Dull sounds on percussion of the lungs could indicate what?

Answer 2

pleural effusions, hemothorax, pneumonias

Question 3

Define friction rub

Answer 3

An abnormal, rough, or grating sound heard in the chest, usually caused by inflammation of the pleura (the lining of the lungs) or sometimes inflammation within the bronchi themselves.

Question 4

Explain the pathology of crackles

Answer 4

caused by the sudden opening or closing of small airways and alveoli (tiny air sacs) that are collapsed or filled with fluid, mucus, or exudates.

Question 5

Name the large airway vs the narrowing airways

Answer 5

Large Airways: trachea, main bronchi, and larger bronchi

Small Airways: bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles

Question 6

Tactile fremitus would be decreased in what conditions

Answer 6

COPD pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or infiltrating tumor

Question 7

The period of ventricular relaxation is called what?

Answer 7

diastole

Question 8

Define cardiac output

Answer 8

the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle in 1 minute and is the product of heart rate and stroke volume

Question 9

Define stroke volume

Answer 9

the volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat, and is dependent on preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload

Question 9

Define ejection fraction

Answer 9

the percentage of ventricular volume ejected during each heartbeat and is normally 60%

Question 10

what are symptoms of aortic dissection

Answer 10

tearing or ripping with radiation in to the back or neck

Question 11

Define orthopnea

Answer 11

dyspnea that occurs when the patient is supine and improves when the patient sits up