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Science > Physics Yr 10 > Flashcards

Physics Yr 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 renewable energy sources?

A

•tidal
•solar
•wave
•hydroelectricity
•wind
•biomass

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2
Q

What are the 4 non-renewable energy sources?

A

•gas
•coal
•oil
•nuclear

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3
Q

Renewable meaning

A

Can be easily replaced

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4
Q

Non-renewable meaning

A

Cannot be easily replaced

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5
Q

Coal advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages:
•efficient
•reliable

Disadvantages:
•produces CO2 which contributes to global warming
•produces SO2 which contributes to acid rain

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6
Q

Wind advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages:
•doesn’t need fuel
•doesn’t contribute to the greenhouse effect

Disadvantages:
•unreliable

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7
Q

Nuclear advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages:
•reliable
• doesn’t contribute to the greenhouse effect

Disadvantages:
•nuclear waste is difficult and expensive to remove
•target for terrorist attacks

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8
Q

Geothermal advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages:
•doesn’t contribute to the greenhouse effect
•doesn’t need fuel

Disadvantages:
•not many places to build geothermal power stations
•hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground

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9
Q

Tidal advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages:
•doesn’t contribute to the greenhouse effect
•doesn’t need fuel

Disadvantages:
•changes the environment for miles upstream and downstream
•only provides power when the tide is moving in or out (~10hrs a day)

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10
Q

Hydroelectricity advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages:
•can be used at times of high demand
•more reliable than other renewable energy sources eg wind or solar

Disadvantages:
•expensive
•building a dam will cause areas to flood
• finding a suitable site can be difficult

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11
Q

How do wind power stations work?

A

Wind turns a turbine which turns on a generator and produces electricity

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12
Q

How do coal power stations work?

A

Burning coal produces heat and turns water to steam, which turns a turbine that turns on a generator to produce electricity

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13
Q

How do hydroelectric power stations work?

A

Water is pumped up through a pipe from a bottom lake to a top lake to be stored at times of low demand. The water is allowed to flow down the pipe at times of high demand to produce instant electricity.

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14
Q

How to find the efficiency of an appliance?

A

(Useful energy / total energy) x 100

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15
Q

Definition of current

A

The flow of electrons around a circuit or through a wire

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16
Q

Definition of voltage

A

The energy that pushes the electrons around the circuit

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17
Q

How does current work in a series circuit?

A

It’s the same everywhere

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18
Q

How does current work in a parallel circuit?

A

It splits at junctions

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19
Q

How to find the total current in a parallel circuit?

A

Sum of the all currents in the junctions

At = A1 = A2 + A3

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20
Q

How does voltage work in a series circuit?

A

It splits across components

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21
Q

How does voltage work in a parallel circuit?

A

It’s the same across each loop

22
Q

How to find the voltage in a series circuit?

A

Vt = V1 + V2

23
Q

Definition of resistance

A

How hard it is for current to flow

24
Q

What are the 3 practicals in the electricity topic?

A

Current and voltage of a:
•wire or resistor
•bulb
•diode

25
Q

What does the line graph look like on the wire or resistor practical?

A

A straight line

26
Q

What does the graph look like on the bulb practical?

A

A curve that goes from steep to flat

27
Q

What does the graph look like on the diode practical?

A

A curve that goes from a steady incline to steep, which only forms once a certain voltage is reached

28
Q

How does resistance work on a wire or resistor?

A

The resistance doesn’t change

29
Q

How does resistance work on a bulb?

A

The resistance increases as the voltage and current increase

30
Q

What is the method for all the practicals on the electricity topic?

A
  1. Set up a series circuit with a cell, ammeter, variable resistor and a voltmeter going across a wire/bulb/diode
  2. Move the variable resistor so that the voltmeter reads 0V
  3. Use the variable resistor to get a range of voltages eg: 2V, 4V, 6V, 8V, 10V
  4. For each voltage record the current
  5. Plot the data on a line graph or table
31
Q

How does resistance work in a series circuit?

A

The more components in the circuit, the higher the resistance

32
Q

How to find the total resistance in a series circuit?

A

Rt = R1 + R2

33
Q

How to find the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

A

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2

Flip the answer

34
Q

What are step-up transformers used for?

A

Increasing the voltage and decreasing the current of the electricity in power lines to reduce the amount of energy wasted as heat energy

35
Q

What are step-down transformers used for?

A

Decreasing the voltage to a safe level (230V) and increasing the current

36
Q

What is direct current?

A

Always flows one way around the circuit

37
Q

What is alternating current?

A

The size and direction of the current is always changing

38
Q

What supplies direct current?

A

Batteries

39
Q

What supplies alternating current?

A

The National Grid

40
Q

What are the wires in a plug?

A

Live, neutral and earth

41
Q

What does the live wire do?

A

Carries the current to the appliance

42
Q

What does the neutral wire do?

A

Completes the circuit and carries the electricity back to the consumer unit

43
Q

What does the earth wire do?

A

Provides a safe route for the current to flow to the ground if the live wire touches metal casing

44
Q

How does an MCB work?

A

If too much current flows an electromagnet breaks the circuit

45
Q

How does an RCCB work?

A

If there is a difference between the current in the live and neutral wire an iron pivot breaks the circuit

46
Q

How does a fuse work?

A

If too much current flows through the wire in the fuse, it melts and the circuit is broken

47
Q

Does an MCB protect the user or the circuit?

A

The circuit

48
Q

Does an RCCB protect the user or the circuit?

A

The user

49
Q

Advantages of circuit-breakers over fuses

A

•respond quicker than fuses
•more reliable
•more sensitive
•can be reset (unlike fuses)

50
Q

What equation is used to find how much units of energy an appliance uses?

A

Energy (KWh) = Power (KW) x time (hours)

51
Q

How to find how many units have been used using metre readings?

A

Present reading - previous reading

52
Q

What formula is used to find out density?

A

Density = mass/volume

Science (3 decks)

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