P6 Particles

Question 1

state the equation for specific heat capacity

Answer 1

change in energy = mass x SHC x change in temp
∆E = m x c x ∆θ
(J) (kg) (J/kg) (°C)

Question 2

describe the methods (2) for RP: calculating density

Answer 2

• measure mass of object using balance
• fill eureka can with water
• make water level with spout
• place object in water
• collect displaced water in a measuring cylinder
• volume of water in measuring cylinder = volume of object
• calculate density using mass / volume
  OR
• measure mass of object using balance
• fill measuring cylinder with water so object will be submerged
• record starting volume of water
• place object in water
• record new volume of water
• new volume - starting volume = volume of object
• calculate density using mass / volume

Question 3

state the equation for density

Answer 3

density = mass / volume
p = m / V
(kg/m³) (kg) (m³)

Question 4

state the equation for specific latent heat

Answer 4

change in energy = mass x latent heat
∆E = m x L
(J) (kg) (J/kg)

Question 5

define sublimation and deposition

Answer 5

• sublimation - change of state from solid to gas
• deposition - change of state from gas to solid

Question 6

describe how to increase gas pressure in a container

Answer 6

• decrease volume of the container - distance for particles to travel is reduced so there are more collisions per second with the container walls+ other particles
• increase temperature - particles gain more kinetic energy so move faster+ more collisions occur

Question 7

describe the arrangement+motion of particles in a solid

Answer 7

• packed tightly together
• in orderly rows
• vibrate in fixed positions
• solids have a fixed shape as particles cannot move from place to place
• cannot be compressed+ have a fixed volume as particles have no space to move to
• due to strong attractive forces between particles

Question 8

describe the arrangement+motion of particles in a liquid

Answer 8

• loosely packed
• random arrangement
• liquids can flow+ take the shape of their container as particles can move past each other
• cannot be compressed+ have a fixed volume as particles keep close contact+ have no space to move to

Question 9

describe the arrangement+motion of particles in a gas

Answer 9

• particles are far apart
• random arrangement
• move quickly at different speeds+ different directions
• due to weak attractive forces
• completely fill their container as particles move in all directions+ aren’t touching
• no fixed shape or volume
• can be compressed as particles have space to move to