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MPAS 5003 A&P > makeup concepts/ neurocardio exam > Flashcards

makeup concepts/ neurocardio exam Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the semilunar valves in the heart?

A

Aortic and pulmonary

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2
Q

What does the right marginal branch supply?

A

It supplies the right border of the heart.

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3
Q

What branch off of the left main coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to the back and side of the heart left ventricle and left atrium?

A

The circumflex branch

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4
Q

What does the left marginal branch supply?

A

it supplies the left border of the heart.

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5
Q

What are the four phases of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. Mid-late ventricular diastole. 2. Isovolumetric contraction. 3. Mid late ventricular sytole. 4. Isovolumetric relaxation.
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6
Q

What happens in the heart during mid-late ventricular diastole?

A

The ventricles are passively filling with blood.
Atrial pressure> ventricular pressure.
Arterial pressure > ventricular pressure.
The tricuspid and mitral valves are open.
The pulmonary and aortic valves are closed
This represents the P wave on EKG

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7
Q

What happens during Isovolumetric contraction?

A

The ventricles are no longer filling with blood.
Ventricular pressure> atrial pressure.
Arterial pressure> Ventricular pressure.
The tricuspid and mitral valve close, “lub”.
The aortic and pulmonary valves are closed.
This represents QRS wave on EKG.

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8
Q

What happens during mid-late ventricular systole?

A

The ventricles contract and blood is flowing to the aorta and pulmonary arteries
Ventricular pressure> atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure> arterial pressure.
The tricuspid and mitral valves are closed.
The pulmonary and aortic valves are open.
This represents the QRS wave on EKG.

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9
Q

What happens during isovolumtric relaxation?

A

No blood is entering or leaving the ventricles.
Ventricular pressure> atrial pressure
Arterial pressure> ventricular pressure.
Tricuspid valve and mitral valve are closed.
Aortic and pulmonary valve are closed, “dub”.
This represents the T wave on EKG.

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10
Q

If a patient was experiencing atrial fibrillation, what would you expect the P wave to show?

A

The P wave would no longer be visible because the SA node is not functioning properly.

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11
Q

What is ventricular ejection?

A

This is when enough pressure in the ventricles build up more pressure than the aortic and pulmonary pressure.

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12
Q

What is aortic stenosis?

A

Aortic stenosis is when the aortic valve narrows. This puts pressure on the left ventricle causing it to thicken.

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13
Q

What side of the heart is thicker?

A

The left ventricle is thicker because it is responsible for sending blood to the body.

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14
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory: smell

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15
Q

CN II

A

Optic: vision

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16
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor: opening of eyes, lifting eyebrows, adjusting pupil width

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17
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear: looking down and moving eyes towards or away from the nose.

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18
Q

CN VII

A

Facial: Controlling of muscles to move the face

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18
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal: Movement and sensation of the face

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18
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulococler: hearing and balance

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18
Q

CN VI

A

abducens: movement of eyes from left to right

18
Q

CN IX:

A

Glossopharyngeal: taste sensations to tongue and controlling muscles in the mouth

19
Q

CN X

A

Vagus: larynx, pharynx, thorax, and abdomen

20
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory: shrugging of shoulders

21
CN XII:
Hypoglossal: controlling tongue movement
22
A patient is experiencing difficulty moving her face and making facial expressions, this would represent impingement of which nerve?
The CN VII facial nerve
23
What are the neurotransmitters and receptors for the parasympathetic nervous system?
It starts out with a acetylcholine neurotransmitter and nicotinic receptor at the ganglion. Then it switches to a muscarinic receptor on either the smooth muscle.
24
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Parasympathetic (rest and digest), and the sympathetic (fight or flight)
25
What are the neurotransmitters and receptors for the sympathetic nervous system?
Starts out with two neurons with ganglion that have acetylcholine neurotransmitters and nicotinic. Then at the end, the neurotransmitters change to epinephrine and norepinephrine with alpha/beta receptors.
26
What is the function of the Pons?
The pons is the sight for reticular formation and a relay center for information between the brain and spinal cord.
27
What is the cerebral blood flow anteriorly?
common carotid, internal carotid, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral.
28
What is the cerebral blood flow posteriorly?
subclavian, vertebral, basilar, posterior cerebral, circle of wills.
29
What dermatome is C4?
shoulders
30
What is facilitated diffusion and what are the two types of protein assistance?
Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Channel mediated- allows water, small polar molecules, and ions to pass through. Carrier mediated- only allows certain molecules to bind like glucose.
31
How can cancer develop?
Changes in cell-cell signaling, dysregulation of the cell cycle, dysregulation of gene expression, and mechanisms of DNA damage like UV, radiation, toxins, and viruses.
31
What is beta oxidation?
Beta oxidation is also called fatty acid oxidation and uses fatty acids instead of glucose for energy. The fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue as triglycerides.
32
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
G1- growth phase, S- replication phasde, G2- Preparation for mitosis.
33
What are the cyclins and what are they for?
Cyclin D: regulates G1 and S phase Cyclin E: drives cells into the S phase of the cell cycle Cyclin A: terminates the S phase and leads entering cells into mitosis. Cyclin B: Triggers mitosis.
34
what part of the brain does executive decision making?
Frontal lobe
35
What is PR segment?
36
What is ST segment?
The plateau of ventricular action potentials
37
What is the T wave?
Ventricular repolarization
38
What is the QRS segment?
ventricular contraction and depolarization
39
What is the QT interval?
Ventricular depolarization to ventricular repolarization
40
What are the arteries that come off of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic,
41
What part of the brain does Huntington's disease affect?
Basal Ganglia.
42
What does the ABO blood group represent?
Multiple alleles
43
What in influenza allows it to attach to the cell?
spikes
44
When the vessel dilates during inflammation, what material diffuses into the vessels?
Leukocytes
45
Which one of these is most likely to use facilitated diffuse?
K+
46
Which child, daughter or sons, will be a carrier of hemophilia if the dad has hemophilia and the mom does not?
Daughters only

MPAS 5003 A&P (1 decks)

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