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Biopsychology > Nervous system & Endocrine system > Flashcards

Nervous system & Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A
  • Specialised network of nerve cells in the human body made up of the PNS & CNS
  • primary internal communication between neurons which uses electrical & chemical signals
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2
Q

What are the two main functions of the nervous system?

A
  • to collect, process and respond to information in the environment
  • to co-ordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body
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3
Q

What are the two subsystems of the nervous system?

A
  • Central nervous system (CNS)
  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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4
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

What is the brain?

A
  • centre of all consicous awareness
  • highly developed in humans
  • The brain is divided into two hemispheres
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6
Q

What is the spinal cord & role?

A
  • An extension of the brain
  • It passes messages to and from the brain and connects to the PNS
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7
Q

What is the job of the PNS?

A
  • Transmits messages via neurons to and from the central nervous system
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8
Q

What is the PNS further subdivided into?

A

Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system

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9
Q

What are the functions of the Autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Associated with involuntary (vital) actions E.g. breathing, heart rate, digestion etc
  • consist of motor pathways > which allows brain to control movemen
  • has 2 further components (SNS, PSNS)
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10
Q

What are the functions of the somatic nervous system ?

A
  • associated with voluntary actions e.g. eating, walking
  • controls skeletal muscle and movement
  • Carries sensory information from
    environment to the brain and provides muscle responses via the motor pathways
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11
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system further divided into?

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic nervous system
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12
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A
  • helps to regulate physiological processes
  • Instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream to have an effect on an organ
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13
Q

What is slower the endocrine system or nervous system?

A

endocrine

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14
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • prepares body for flight or fight by releasing adrenaline which changes body from resting state to state of physiologically arousal due to perceived threat

e.g. increased heart/ breathing rate, pupil dilation, decreased food digestion, decreased saliva production, increased muscle tension, increased sweat production

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15
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

‘rest and digest response’
when threat has passed, PSNS calms the body from physiological aroused state to resting state > restores bodies normal functioning

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16
Q

How is the endocrine system implicated in the flight or fight response?

A

Stress response
- body receives stressor
- Hypothalamus activates pituitary gland
- triggers activity in sympathetic branch > ANS changes from normal resting state to physiologically aroused state
- pituitary gland releases hormones that target other glands
- adrenal glands» releases adrenaline/cortisol (triggers physiological changes)

17
Q

What is the role of the pineal gland?

A
  • Releases melatonin
  • responsible for biological rhythms e.g. circadian ‘sleep-wake cycle’
18
Q

What is the role of the Hypothalamus?

A
  • links the nervous system to endocrine system
  • Through the pituitary gland the hypothalamus controls release of hormones in the endocrine system
  • neurons in the hypothalamus send electrical signals to the ANS
19
Q

What is the role of the thyroid gland?

A
  • releases thyroxine
  • responsible for regulating metabolism
  • affects cells in heart
  • linked to growth rates
20
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

A
  • also known as ‘master gland’
  • controls and stimulates hormone release from all other glands by realising ATCH
21
Q

What is the role of the ovaries?

A
  • releases oestrogen
  • controls regulation of female productive system e.g. menstrual cycle, pregnancy
22
Q

What is the role of the adrenal glands?

A

adrenal medulla- release adrenaline
key hormone in F/F response

adrenal cortex - releases cortisol
stimulates release of glucose to provide body with energy

23
Q

What is the role of the testes?

A
  • releases testosterone
  • responsible for development of male sex characteristics during puberty/ promotes muscle growth
24
Q

How does communication in the endocrine system occur?

A
  • A stimulus causes the gland to release a hormone into the bloodstream
  • The hormone travels around the bloodstream until they reach target cells
  • They bind to receptors on the target cells
  • Thus causes a response from target cells
25
Q

What is the flight or flight response?

A
  • A bodily reaction that occurs in response to stress or danger

Biopsychology (8 decks)

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