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Bio Chapter 1-5 > Chapter 1- Study Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Study Of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some examples of areas related to biology?

A

Finding cures to diseases
Studying communicable diseases
Solve environmental issues
Climate change

All are related to biology in one way or another

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2
Q

What is science?

A

‘Knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method’

Biology is a discipline of science.

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3
Q

What are natural sciences?

A

Science related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes

Example: Biology, astronomy, geology, physics, and chemistry fall under natural sciences.

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4
Q

What is included in life sciences?

A

Biology (study of living things)

Example: Studying animals, plants, and microorganisms is part of life sciences.

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5
Q

What is included in physical sciences?

A

Astronomy, geology, physics, and chemistry

Example: Astronomy deals with celestial objects, while geology focuses on the Earth’s structure and processes.

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6
Q

What is Basic science

A

Pure science – knowled’ge for knowledge’s sake

Example: Studying the structure of DNA

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7
Q

What is Applied science

A

Applied science or “technology,” aims to use science to solve real-world problems

Example: Using DNA fingerprinting for forensics and paternity disputes
Using DNA technology to make insulin
Using DNA technology to improve crop yield

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8
Q

What is the Scientific method?

A

A structured and systematic approach to study and understand natural phenomena.

Method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful observation.

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9
Q

What is the first step in the Scientific method?

A

Observation

Step involving careful watching and noting of natural phenomena.

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10
Q

What is the second step in the Scientific method?

A

Hypothesis development

Step where a possible explanation for observed phenomena is proposed.

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11
Q

What is the third step in the Scientific method?

A

Experimentation and collecting data

Step involving testing the hypothesis through experiments and data collection.

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12
Q

What is the fourth step in the Scientific method?

A

Analyzing results

Step where the collected data is examined and interpreted.

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13
Q

What is the final step in the Scientific method?

A

Drawing conclusions

Step where the results are used to make inferences and conclusions.

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14
Q

Why is observation important?

A

Observation is important because it helps ask questions that can be tested by experimentation

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15
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis is an educated guess based on background research and observations.

Example: Scientists hypothesized that increased exposure to sunlight would lead to higher rates of vitamin D production.

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16
Q

What are scientific experiments done for?

A

To prove or disprove a hypothesis

Scientific experiments are done to prove or disprove a hypothesis

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17
Q

What happens if the data collected does not support the initial hypothesis?

A

The hypothesis is modified or a new hypothesis is needed

If the data collected by experiments does not support the first hypothesis then the hypothesis is modified or a new hypothesis is needed.

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18
Q

What is the fifth step in the scientific method?

A

Drawing conclusions and communicating the results

Scientists look at the data in many ways and plot graphs. This helps them get all the information they need from the experiments and draw conclusions related to the hypothesis.

19
Q

How is a scientific theory formed?

A

When different scientists in the same field, doing same experiments reach the same conclusion. The hypothesis is considered to be true.

20
Q

What happens when a lot of conclusions are combined?

A

A theory is formulated.

21
Q

What does the control group contain?

A

Every feature of the experimental group except it is not given the manipulation that the researcher hypothesizes.

Example: In a study testing a new drug, the control group would receive a placebo instead of the actual medication.

22
Q

What are positive and negative controls?

A

They are types of controls used in experiments to ensure the validity of the results.

Positive controls involve applying a known treatment to see the expected response, while negative controls involve applying no treatment to observe for any unintended effects.

23
Q

Why experiments have a negative control?

A

negative control is a sample in the experiment where no change should happen because it has not been exposed to the testing procedure.

24
Q

What is a variable?

A

Any part of the experiment that can vary or change during the experiment.

A variable is a factor that can be manipulated or measured in a scientific study.

25
Q

What is the first property of life?

A

Order

Order refers to the highly organized structure that living organisms possess.

26
Q

What is the second property of life?

A

Sensitivity or response to the environment

Living organisms can detect and respond to changes in their environment.

27
Q

What is the third property of life?

A

Reproduction

Reproduction allows living organisms to produce offspring.

28
Q

What is the fourth property of life?

A

Adaptation

Adaptation refers to the ability of living organisms to evolve and adjust to their environment.

29
Q

What is the fifth property of life?

A

Growth and development

Living organisms exhibit growth and undergo developmental changes.

30
Q

What is the sixth property of life?

A

Regulation/homeostasis

Homeostasis is the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment.

31
Q

What is the seventh property of life?

A

Energy processing

Living organisms require energy to carry out life processes.

32
Q

What is the eighth property of life?

A

Evolution

Evolution is the process by which living organisms change over time through natural selection.

33
Q

What are Prokaryotes?

A

Single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei.

Example sentence: Bacteria are examples of prokaryotes.

34
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A

Organisms that do have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.

35
Q

Why are viruses considered non-living?

A

Because they are not made of cells and cannot reproduce independently

36
Q

What do organisms respond to?

A

Diverse stimuli

37
Q

DNA containing genes are passed along to an organism’s offspring.

A

The resulting organism will have similar characteristics as the parent

38
Q

In order to function properly

A

cells require appropriate conditions such as proper temperature

39
Q

How do organisms maintain internal stability despite environmental changes?

A

Organisms maintain internal conditions through homeostasis a process that keeps their internal environment stable despite external changes.

For example, organisms regulate body temperature through thermoregulation.

40
Q

What processes do organisms use to shed excess heat in hot climates?

A

In hot climates, organisms have developed methods such as perspiration in humans or panting in dogs to help shed excess body heat and maintain a stable internal temperature.

41
Q

How do different organisms acquire and process energy for metabolic activities?

A

All organisms require a source of energy for metabolic activities.

  • Plants capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates through photosynthesis.
  • Animals obtain energy by eating plants, converting the stored chemical energy into heat and kinetic energy for their bodily functions.
42
Q

What causes the diversity of life on Earth and how does it affect organisms?

A

The diversity of life is caused by mutations, which are random changes in hereditary material. These mutations help organisms adapt, leading to better survival and greater reproductive success in changing environments.

43
Q

What is evolution and how does it relate to the diversity of life on Earth?

A

Evolution is the process of gradual change in a population or species over time, leading to the tremendous diversity of life on Earth.

44
Q

Branches of Biology

A

Microbiology

Molecular Biology and Biochemistry

Neurobiology

Forensics

Paleontology

Bio Chapter 1-5 (1 decks)

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