Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI System > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the 3 main cells in the gastric gland

A

mucous neck cells, parietal cells and chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what pump do drugs work on to control the acidity inside the stomach

A

potassium proton pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what inhibitor is used for the production of HCl in the stomach

A

prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what 3 mechanisms control gastric acid secretion

A

neurocrine (vagal/local reflexes), endocrine (gastrin) and paracrine (histamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are local reflexes

A

they are related to ENS (enteric NS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 3 phases to stimulating gastric acid

A

cephalic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do G cells release

A

gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does ACh, gastrin and histamine activate in the cephalic phase

A

parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the difference in cephalic phase and gastric phase

A

the activation of the enteric reflexes are turned on in the gastric phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens when there is peptides in the lumen of the stomach

A

activates G cells and secretes gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens when there is acid in the duodenum

A

activation of the splanchnic nerve and the release of secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the release of secretin and activation of the splanchnic nerve have on gastrin

A

decreases the secretion of gastrin, leading to decreased stimulation of the parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of effect does the splanchnic nerve have on the release of HCl

A

inhibitory effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are enterogastrones

A

hormones release from gland cells in duodenal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what 3 hormones are released from gland cells in the duodenal mucosa

A

secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do enterogastrones get activated

A

release in response to acid, hypertonic solutions, fatty acids or monoglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the last part of the small intestine

A

ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if a patient has problems in their parietal cells and they cannot produce intrinsic factor, what would there diagnosis be called

A

pernicious anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does pernicious mean

A

gradual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does pepsinogen get activated

A

when it is in acidic pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the purpose of the pepsinogen

A

turns into pepsin and then pepsin will hydrolyses (degrade) proteins

22
Q

how does pepsin get inactivated

A

when pH goes up to neutral

23
Q

what cells secrete gastric mucus

A

epithelial cells and mucus neck cells

24
Q

what is the role of gastric mucus

A

protect the stomach wall from HCl and pepsins

25
Q

what is the pH of the thick mucus layer in the stomach

A

neutral

26
Q

what is the bolus called as it is digested in the stomach

A

chyme

27
Q

what substance is used to neutralise acids in the duodenum

A

HCO3 (bicarbonate)

28
Q

what gland in the duodenum secretes bicarbonate

A

Brunner’s Gland

29
Q

how is the secretion of bicarbonate in the duodenum controlled

A

long (vagal) and short (ENS) reflexes and release of secretin from S cells

30
Q

what two portions is the pancreas divided into

A

pancreatic islets (endocrine) and acinar cells (exocrine)

31
Q

what does it mean if the gland is endocrine

A

the gland will secrete hormone or chemicals directly into the blood

32
Q

what do pancreatic islets secrete

A

insulin, glucagon and somatostatin

33
Q

what does glucagon control

A

blood glucose

34
Q

what does somatostatin control

A

secretion of insulin and glucagon

35
Q

what does it mean if the gland is exocrine

A

if the gland secretes the hormones/chemical outside the body

36
Q

how are different lobules connected together

A

by intercalated ducts

37
Q

what cells secrete digestive enzymes

A

acinar cells

38
Q

why are stored zymogens inactive

A

to prevent the autodigestion of pancreas

39
Q

how does trypsinogen get activated

A

when it is bound to the brush border of the duodenum enterocytes

40
Q

what does trypsinogen turn into

A

trypsin

41
Q

what is the function of trypsinogen

A

converts all other zymogens to active form

42
Q

what are the different categories of the pancreatic enzymes

A

proteases, nucleases, elastases, phospholipases, lipases and alpha-Amylase

43
Q

what is the function of protases

A

cleave peptide bonds (degrade them)

44
Q

what is the function of nucleases

A

hydrolyses (degrade) DNA/RNA

45
Q

what is the function of elastases

A

causes collagen digestion

46
Q

what is the function phospholipases

A

turns phospholipids to fatty acids

47
Q

what is the function of lipases

A

turns triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol

48
Q

what is the function of a-amylase

A

turns starch into maltose and glucose

49
Q

how are zymogens stimulated

A

by cholecystokinin (CCK)

50
Q

when is CCK released

A

in response to fat/amino acids in the duodenum

51
Q

what type of cells are activated during the cephalic phase

A

parietal cells

GI System (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions