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alevel physics > Alevel physics > Flashcards

Alevel physics Flashcards

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1
Q

free fall in air.

A

at time 0, only weight is acting, acceleration is g, then speed increases, so drag increase, so resultant decrease, so decreasing acceleration, then drag is equal weight, fr is 0. reaching terminal velocity, then. drag greater than weight, deceleration

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2
Q

describe x axis motion in projectiles

A

no force, only weight, constant horizontal motion, speed is distance over time

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2
Q

describe y axis

A

constant acceleration, y component changes, use 5 acc rules, up positive, down negative

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2
Q

what is rule of force

A

mass. times acceleration

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2
Q

when is a body equilibrium

A

resultant force AND resultan moment is 0

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3
Q

what is inertia

A

the tendency of object to reset change in state of rest or uniform motion

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4
Q

what is mass

A

measure of inertia// amount of matter in body

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5
Q

what is first law

A

object remains equilibrium unless a resultant force is acting on it

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6
Q

newtons second law

A

force is the rate of change in momentum

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7
Q

newtons third law

A

when 2 objects interact, for every action thee is an equal and opposite reaction

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8
Q

what is momentum

A

mass times velocity

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9
Q

impulse

A

mv-mu, or ft

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10
Q

why use softer material\l in crashing

A

time increases to crash so force decrease so safer

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11
Q

law of. conservation of momentum

A

before equal after, m1u1 and m2u2 is equal to m1v1 plus m2v2

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12
Q

what do to with 2d collision.

A

each axis separately then simultaneous

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13
Q

what’s the check for elastic collision

A

u1-u2=v2-v1

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14
Q

types of forces

A

tension, friction, drag, upthrust, weight, normal contact

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15
Q

proof of conservation of momentum

A

force is rate of. change in momentum, when time is same, momentum. before. collision is ewualnbut opposite to collision after

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16
Q

whats center of gravity

A

point where whole body is considered to act.

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17
Q

whats moment

A

force times perpendicular distance

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18
Q

when is max moment?

A

when. angle is 90 DEGREE

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19
Q

whats a couple

A

2 forces equal and opposite act. on 2 different points. causing object to rotate

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20
Q

pressure

A

force/ area or ugh

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21
Q

total pressure?

A

atm 100000 plus pgh

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22
Q

upthrust

A

pg VOLUME

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23
Q

how do gases exert pressure

A

gas molecules collide with walls, change in direction, change in momentum, change is momentum is force, pressure is force over area

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24
Q

why pressure decreases. at high altitude

A

temp decreases so less collision, less pressure, AND height column decreases, so less pressure

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25
Q

whats work done

A

force tumes PARALLEL distance OR pressure times change in. volume of gas

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26
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

energy stored in any mass in gravitational field MGH

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27
Q

elastic potential energy

A

energy stored in object when its twisted, stretched

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28
Q

electric. potential

A

energy stored in charge released
to electric field

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29
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy possessed due to motion, HALF M V SQUARED

30
Q

PROOF OF KINETIC EQUATION

A

v2 is u2 +2as where u is 0, s subject, wd is fd, ma x s

31
Q

whats the universal rule

A

energy start +wd for object-wd against object = ENERY FINAL

32
Q

whats power

A

energy per time OR force times velocity

33
Q

efficiencyofpower

A

out/in x100

34
Q

whats stress

A

force per area

35
Q

whats strain

A

fractional change in length

36
Q

whats ultimate tensile stress

A

max stress wire can support before breaking

37
Q

hookes law

A

force and extension directly proportional up to limit of proportionality, f=kx

38
Q

whats limit of proportionality

A

end point of direct proportionality

39
Q

elastic limit meaning

A

point beyond where material is perpenantly deformed

40
Q

spring in series

A

x is doubled

41
Q

spring in parallel

A

x is halved

42
Q

young modulus E

A

stress / strain

43
Q

equation for young

A

FLEXA///KL/a

44
Q

YOUNGS MODULUS FOR

A

rubber 1x107, copper 1.3x1011
steel, 2.1x1011

45
Q

elastic potential equation

A

1/2fx, 1/2kx2

46
Q

elastic energy density

A

elastic energy/volume OR 1/2 stressxstrain

47
Q

whats electricity

A

flow of charges thru conductor

48
Q

electric current

A

rate of flow of charges//Q/T

49
Q

another equation fir TOTAL CHARGE

A

number of electrons x 1.6x10 power -19

50
Q

free electron number density

A

metal 10 power 28
semi conductor 10 power 23

51
Q

equation for total number of electrons in wire

A

n X volume// NAL

52
Q

equation for total charge

A

N AL W

53
Q

EQUARION FOR CURRENT

A

NEVA

54
Q

emf meaning

A

total energy gained per unit charge in battery converted from chemical to electric

55
Q

pd meaning

A

total energy lost per unit charge in battery converting electric energy to other forms

56
Q

volt

A

energy per charge

57
Q

ohms law

A

at CONSANT TEMPERATURE, I and v are directly prop

58
Q

why resistance occurs

A

free moving electrons collide with positive ions, collisions cause loss electric energy

59
Q

metalic conductor

A

slope is 1/r

60
Q

filament lamp

A

curves towards V

61
Q

thermistor

A

temp inc resistance dec

62
Q

why thermistor inversely prop

A

when temp increase, electrons Gain enough energy to free themselves so resistance decrease

63
Q

impure metal and resistance

A

impure metal have higher resistance
than pure metals

64
Q

resistance other equation

A

PL/A

65
Q

Power in electricity

A

IV, I2R, V2/R

66
Q

HOW TO CALCULATE ENERGY

A

calculate power first using iv, then energy using ENERGY EQUALS POWER TIMES TIME

67
Q

CONVERSION OF KWH TO JOULES

A

1kwh = 3.6x10 power 6

68
Q

1MV TO JOULES

A

1MV= 1.6X10 POWER -13

69
Q

what happens when resistance is very high

A

max terminal volt,

70
Q

when is power max

A

external resistance is equal to internal resistance

71
Q

what happens when resistance increase

A

current decrease, terminal volt. increase and lost volt decrease

72
Q

why connect battery in parallel

A

less power loss, longer life

73
Q

volt and kda dkda

A

EMF= VLOST PLUS TERMINAL

74
Q

POWER LOSS AD=ND CROSS SECTION

A

ass area decreases, resistance increase so more pd, so more power loss

75
Q
A

alevel physics (1 decks)

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