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Fall Semester 1 > Phonetics Review > Flashcards

Phonetics Review Flashcards

1
Q

/i/

A

he, release, keep, ceiling, anemic

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2
Q

/ɪ/

A

pit, bin, fill, will, village, bullet

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3
Q

/e/

A

locate, decade, phonate, operate (when stressed transcribe as /eɪ/)

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4
Q

/ɛ/

A

spell, friend, head, regret, elder, set, bed, get

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5
Q

/æ/

A

cat, bad, sad, sand, land, hand

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6
Q

/ə/

A

syllable, about, contain, suppose (unstressed syllables)

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7
Q

/ʌ/

A

hut, abundant, but, come, glove, some, gun (Monosyllabic words and stressed syllables)

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8
Q

/ɚ/

A

mister, standard, editor, over, perhaps, dresser (Unstressed syllables)

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9
Q

/ɝ/

A

further, thirsy, fur, percolate (Monosyllabic words and stressed syllables)

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10
Q

/u/

A

you, who, chew, shoe, cool, tool

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11
Q

/ʊ/

A

put, full, good, wood, could

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12
Q

/o/

A

rotation, home, quiero (When stressed transcribe as /oʊ/

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13
Q

/a/

A

bra, calm, palm, father, start, dark

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14
Q

/aɪ/

A

eye, ice, sigh, bicycle

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15
Q

/ɔɪ/

A

boy, oil, spoil, destroy

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16
Q

/aʊ/

A

how, cow, tower, aloud, doubt

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17
Q

/eɪ/

A

hay, eight, may, sailor, straight

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18
Q

/oʊ/

A

boat, no, loan, toaster, mold (Used in the final open syllable)

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19
Q

/ʍ/

A

which

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20
Q

/w/

A

when, weed, quick, away, penguin, twins

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21
Q

/ɵ/

A

think, thick, theory, bathroom

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22
Q

/ð/

A

this, feather, bathing, bathe, smooth, wither

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23
Q

/ɹ/

A

rope, baron, far, Riley, rap

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24
Q

/l/

A

clipboard, leash, lick, bottle, mortal, curl, cable

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25
Q

/ʃ/

A

ship, ashes

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26
Q

/ʒ/

A

measure, beige

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27
Q

/ʤ/

A

jump, badger

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28
Q

/ʧ/

A

kitchen

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29
Q

/j/

A

yellow, onion

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30
Q

/ŋ/

A

swimming, being

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31
Q

/ʔ/

A

glottal stop, mountain, kitten, button

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32
Q

Definition of syllable reduction/weak syllable deletion/unstressed syllable deletion

A

Deletion of typically the unstressed syllable

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33
Q

Example of syllable reduction/weak syllable deletion

A

“pajamas” –>[ dʒæməz]
“banana” –> [nænə]

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34
Q

Definition of cluster reduction/simplification

A

Simplification of clusters to one- or two- element clusters

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35
Q

Example of cluster reduction/simplification

A

“street” –>[trit] or [tit]
“blue” –> [bu]

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36
Q

Definition of initial consonant deletion

A

Deletion of the first consonant of a word

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37
Q

Example of initial consonant deletion

A

“cow” –>[ɑʊ]

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38
Q

Definition of medial consonant deletion

A

Deletion of the middle consonant in a word

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39
Q

Example of medial consonant deletion

A

“rabbit” –> [ɹæ.ɪt]

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40
Q

Definition of final consonant deletion

A

Deletion of the final consonant of a word

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41
Q

Example of final consonant deletion

A

“dog”–> [dɑ]

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42
Q

Definition of reduplication

A

Second syllable becomes a repetition of the first, thus simplifying the structure of the word

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43
Q

Example of reduplication

A

“water” –> [wɑwɑ]
Partial reduplication
“water”–> [wɑwi]

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44
Q

Definition of epenthesis

A

A neutral vowel is inserted between two segments so the word sounds as if it has an extra syllable

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45
Q

Example of epenthesis

A

“spoon” /spun/–> [s pun]
“plate” /pleɪt/ –> [pəleɪt]

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46
Q

Definition of velar fronting

A

Subsitution is more anteriorly located than the intended sound. Velar refers to velar sounds [k,g] being produced more anteriorly as [t,d]

47
Q

Example of velar fronting

A

“walk” –> [wɑt] “key”–>[ti]

48
Q

Definition of palatal fronting

A

Substitution is more anteriorly located than the palatal sounds. Typically, [ʃ,
ʒ] being produced more
anteriorly as [s,z].

49
Q

Example of palatal fronting

A

“shoe” –>[su]

50
Q

Define other types of fronting

A

Not common, but an example would be [t] is replaced by [p]

51
Q

Definition of stopping

A

Substitution of stops for fricatives OR the omission of the fricative portion of the affricates; less common stopping might be /m/ –> /b/

52
Q

Example of stopping

A

“zoo”–>[du]
“chin”–>[tɪn]

53
Q

Definition of deaffrication

A

Production of affricates as homorganic (the same place) fricatives, thus the fricative is the only portion remaining of the affricate

54
Q

Example of deaffrication

A

“cheese”–>[ʃiz]

55
Q

Definition of affrication

A

Replacement of fricatives by homorganic affricates

56
Q

Example of affrication

A

“sheep” –> [tʃip]

57
Q

Definition of Stridency deletion

A

Strident sounds [f,v,s,z, ʃ, ʒ,
tʃ, dʒ] are deleted or
substituted with nonstrident
consonants.

58
Q

Example of stridency deletion

A

“see” –> [ti] or [i]

59
Q

Definition of gliding of liquids

A

Replacement of a liquid [l, ɹ]
by a glide sound [w,j].

60
Q

Example of gliding of liquids

A

“rabbit” –> [wæbɪt]

61
Q

Definition of fricatives

A

Repalcement of a fricative by a glide [w,j] sound.

62
Q

Example of fricative gliding

A

“van” –> [jæn], [v] –> [j]

63
Q

Definition of vowelization/vocalization/also include derhotacization

A

Replacement of a liquid [l, ɹ],
rhotic vowels [ɚ,ɝ] or nasals
[m,n, ŋ] by vowels.

64
Q

Example of vowelization

A

“ladder” –>[lædə]
“apple” –> [æpoʊ]

65
Q

Definition of backing

A

Substitution is more posteriorly located than for the intended sound.

66
Q

Example of backing

A

“soup” –> [hup]

67
Q

Definition of voicing

A

Replacement of a voiced for a voiceless sound.

68
Q

Example of voicing

A

“soup” –> [zup]

69
Q

Definition of devoicing

A

Replacement of a voiceless for a voiced sound

70
Q

Example of devoicing

A

“big” –> [pɪg]

71
Q

Definition of glottal replacement

A

Use of a glottal stop to replace a standard consonant

72
Q

Example of glottal replacement

A

“hat” –> [hæʔ]

73
Q

Definition of liquidization

A

Replacement of a non-liquid sound by a liquid [l, ɹ].

74
Q

Example of liquidization

A

“this” –> [lis], [ð] –> [l]

75
Q

Definition of labial assimilation

A

Change of a nonlabial into a labial sound due to the influence of neighboring labial sound.

76
Q

Example of labial assimilation

A

“top” –> [bap]

77
Q

Definition of velar assimilation

A

Change of a nonvelar into a velar sound due to the influence of neighboring velar sound

78
Q

Example of velar assimilation

A

“gone” –> [gɑŋ]

79
Q

Definition of nasal assimilation

A

Change of a nonnasal into a nasal sound due to the influence of neighboring nasal sound

80
Q

Example of nasal assimilation

A

“bunny” –> [muni]

81
Q

Definition of liquid assimilation

A

Change of a nonliquid into a liquid sound due to the influence of neighboring liquid sound.

82
Q

Example of liquid assimilation

A

“yellow” –> [lɛloʊ]

83
Q

Nasals

A

/m,n,ŋ/

84
Q

Stops

A

/p,b,t,d,k,g,ʔ/

85
Q

Affricates

A

/tʃ ,dʒ/

86
Q

Fricatives

A

/f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h/

87
Q

Liquids

A

/ɹ, l/

88
Q

Glides

A

/w,j/

89
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /p/

A

Voiceless bilabial stop/plosive

90
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /b/

A

Voiced bilabial stop/plosive

91
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /m/

A

Voiced bilabial nasal

92
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /w/

A

Voiced labial-velar approximant

93
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /f/

A

Voiceless labiodental fricative

94
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /v/

A

Voiced labiodental fricative

95
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /θ/

A

Voiceless dental fricative

96
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /ð/

A

Voiced dental fricative

97
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /t/

A

Voiceless alveolar stop/plosive

98
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /d/

A

Voiced alveolar stop/plosive

99
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /s/

A

Voiceless alveolar fricative

100
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /z/

A

Voiced alveolar fricative

101
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /n/

A

Voiced alveolar nasal

102
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /l/

A

Voiced alveolar lateral approximant

103
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /ɹ/

A

Voiced retroflex approximant

104
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /ʃ/

A

Voiceless postalveolar fricative

105
Q

Place, manner, voicing of /ʒ/

A

Voiced postalveolar fricative

106
Q

Place, manner, and voicing of /tʃ/

A

Voiceless postalveolar affricate

107
Q

Place, manner, and voicing of /dʒ/

A

Voiced postalveolar affricate

108
Q

Place, manner, and voicing of /j/

A

Voiced palatal approximant

109
Q

Place, manner, and voicing of /k/

A

Voiceless velar plosive/stop

110
Q

Place, manner, and voicing of /g/

A

Voiced velar stop/plosive

111
Q

Place, manner, and voicing of /ŋ/

A

Voiced velar nasal

112
Q

Place, manner, and voicing of /ʔ/

A

Glottal stop

113
Q

Place, manner, and voicing of /h/

A

Voiceless glottal fricative

Fall Semester 1 (2 decks)

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