Phonetics Review Flashcards
1
Q
/i/
A
he, release, keep, ceiling, anemic
2
Q
/ɪ/
A
pit, bin, fill, will, village, bullet
3
Q
/e/
A
locate, decade, phonate, operate (when stressed transcribe as /eɪ/)
4
Q
/ɛ/
A
spell, friend, head, regret, elder, set, bed, get
5
Q
/æ/
A
cat, bad, sad, sand, land, hand
6
Q
/ə/
A
syllable, about, contain, suppose (unstressed syllables)
7
Q
/ʌ/
A
hut, abundant, but, come, glove, some, gun (Monosyllabic words and stressed syllables)
8
Q
/ɚ/
A
mister, standard, editor, over, perhaps, dresser (Unstressed syllables)
9
Q
/ɝ/
A
further, thirsy, fur, percolate (Monosyllabic words and stressed syllables)
10
Q
/u/
A
you, who, chew, shoe, cool, tool
11
Q
/ʊ/
A
put, full, good, wood, could
12
Q
/o/
A
rotation, home, quiero (When stressed transcribe as /oʊ/
13
Q
/a/
A
bra, calm, palm, father, start, dark
14
Q
/aɪ/
A
eye, ice, sigh, bicycle
15
Q
/ɔɪ/
A
boy, oil, spoil, destroy
16
Q
/aʊ/
A
how, cow, tower, aloud, doubt
17
Q
/eɪ/
A
hay, eight, may, sailor, straight
18
Q
/oʊ/
A
boat, no, loan, toaster, mold (Used in the final open syllable)
19
Q
/ʍ/
A
which
20
Q
/w/
A
when, weed, quick, away, penguin, twins
21
Q
/ɵ/
A
think, thick, theory, bathroom
22
Q
/ð/
A
this, feather, bathing, bathe, smooth, wither
23
Q
/ɹ/
A
rope, baron, far, Riley, rap
24
Q
/l/
A
clipboard, leash, lick, bottle, mortal, curl, cable
25
/ʃ/
ship, ashes
26
/ʒ/
measure, beige
27
/ʤ/
jump, badger
28
/ʧ/
kitchen
29
/j/
yellow, onion
30
/ŋ/
swimming, being
31
/ʔ/
glottal stop, mountain, kitten, button
32
Definition of syllable reduction/weak syllable deletion/unstressed syllable deletion
Deletion of typically the unstressed syllable
33
Example of syllable reduction/weak syllable deletion
“pajamas” -->[ dʒæməz]
“banana" --> [nænə]
34
Definition of cluster reduction/simplification
Simplification of clusters to one- or two- element clusters
35
Example of cluster reduction/simplification
“street” -->[trit] or [tit]
“blue” --> [bu]
36
Definition of initial consonant deletion
Deletion of the first consonant of a word
37
Example of initial consonant deletion
“cow” -->[ɑʊ]
38
Definition of medial consonant deletion
Deletion of the middle consonant in a word
39
Example of medial consonant deletion
“rabbit” --> [ɹæ.ɪt]
40
Definition of final consonant deletion
Deletion of the final consonant of a word
41
Example of final consonant deletion
“dog”--> [dɑ]
42
Definition of reduplication
Second syllable becomes a repetition of the first, thus simplifying the structure of the word
43
Example of reduplication
“water” --> [wɑwɑ]
Partial reduplication
“water”--> [wɑwi]
44
Definition of epenthesis
A neutral vowel is inserted between two segments so the word sounds as if it has an extra syllable
45
Example of epenthesis
“spoon” /spun/--> [s pun]
“plate” /pleɪt/ --> [pəleɪt]
46
Definition of velar fronting
Subsitution is more anteriorly located than the intended sound. Velar refers to velar sounds [k,g] being produced more anteriorly as [t,d]
47
Example of velar fronting
“walk” --> [wɑt] “key”-->[ti]
48
Definition of palatal fronting
Substitution is more anteriorly located than the palatal sounds. Typically, [ʃ,
ʒ] being produced more
anteriorly as [s,z].
49
Example of palatal fronting
“shoe” -->[su]
50
Define other types of fronting
Not common, but an example would be [t] is replaced by [p]
51
Definition of stopping
Substitution of stops for fricatives OR the omission of the fricative portion of the affricates; less common stopping might be /m/ --> /b/
52
Example of stopping
“zoo”-->[du]
“chin”-->[tɪn]
53
Definition of deaffrication
Production of affricates as homorganic (the same place) fricatives, thus the fricative is the only portion remaining of the affricate
54
Example of deaffrication
“cheese”-->[ʃiz]
55
Definition of affrication
Replacement of fricatives by homorganic affricates
56
Example of affrication
“sheep” --> [tʃip]
57
Definition of Stridency deletion
Strident sounds [f,v,s,z, ʃ, ʒ,
tʃ, dʒ] are deleted or
substituted with nonstrident
consonants.
58
Example of stridency deletion
“see” --> [ti] or [i]
59
Definition of gliding of liquids
Replacement of a liquid [l, ɹ]
by a glide sound [w,j].
60
Example of gliding of liquids
“rabbit” --> [wæbɪt]
61
Definition of fricatives
Repalcement of a fricative by a glide [w,j] sound.
62
Example of fricative gliding
“van” --> [jæn], [v] --> [j]
63
Definition of vowelization/vocalization/also include derhotacization
Replacement of a liquid [l, ɹ],
rhotic vowels [ɚ,ɝ] or nasals
[m,n, ŋ] by vowels.
64
Example of vowelization
“ladder” -->[lædə]
“apple” --> [æpoʊ]
65
Definition of backing
Substitution is more posteriorly located than for the intended sound.
66
Example of backing
“soup” --> [hup]
67
Definition of voicing
Replacement of a voiced for a voiceless sound.
68
Example of voicing
“soup” --> [zup]
69
Definition of devoicing
Replacement of a voiceless for a voiced sound
70
Example of devoicing
“big” --> [pɪg]
71
Definition of glottal replacement
Use of a glottal stop to replace a standard consonant
72
Example of glottal replacement
“hat” --> [hæʔ]
73
Definition of liquidization
Replacement of a non-liquid sound by a liquid [l, ɹ].
74
Example of liquidization
“this” --> [lis], [ð] --> [l]
75
Definition of labial assimilation
Change of a nonlabial into a labial sound due to the influence of neighboring labial sound.
76
Example of labial assimilation
“top” --> [bap]
77
Definition of velar assimilation
Change of a nonvelar into a velar sound due to the influence of neighboring velar sound
78
Example of velar assimilation
“gone” --> [gɑŋ]
79
Definition of nasal assimilation
Change of a nonnasal into a nasal sound due to the influence of neighboring nasal sound
80
Example of nasal assimilation
“bunny” --> [muni]
81
Definition of liquid assimilation
Change of a nonliquid into a liquid sound due to the influence of neighboring liquid sound.
82
Example of liquid assimilation
“yellow” --> [lɛloʊ]
83
Nasals
/m,n,ŋ/
84
Stops
/p,b,t,d,k,g,ʔ/
85
Affricates
/tʃ ,dʒ/
86
Fricatives
/f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h/
87
Liquids
/ɹ, l/
88
Glides
/w,j/
89
Place, manner, voicing of /p/
Voiceless bilabial stop/plosive
90
Place, manner, voicing of /b/
Voiced bilabial stop/plosive
91
Place, manner, voicing of /m/
Voiced bilabial nasal
92
Place, manner, voicing of /w/
Voiced labial-velar approximant
93
Place, manner, voicing of /f/
Voiceless labiodental fricative
94
Place, manner, voicing of /v/
Voiced labiodental fricative
95
Place, manner, voicing of /θ/
Voiceless dental fricative
96
Place, manner, voicing of /ð/
Voiced dental fricative
97
Place, manner, voicing of /t/
Voiceless alveolar stop/plosive
98
Place, manner, voicing of /d/
Voiced alveolar stop/plosive
99
Place, manner, voicing of /s/
Voiceless alveolar fricative
100
Place, manner, voicing of /z/
Voiced alveolar fricative
101
Place, manner, voicing of /n/
Voiced alveolar nasal
102
Place, manner, voicing of /l/
Voiced alveolar lateral approximant
103
Place, manner, voicing of /ɹ/
Voiced retroflex approximant
104
Place, manner, voicing of /ʃ/
Voiceless postalveolar fricative
105
Place, manner, voicing of /ʒ/
Voiced postalveolar fricative
106
Place, manner, and voicing of /tʃ/
Voiceless postalveolar affricate
107
Place, manner, and voicing of /dʒ/
Voiced postalveolar affricate
108
Place, manner, and voicing of /j/
Voiced palatal approximant
109
Place, manner, and voicing of /k/
Voiceless velar plosive/stop
110
Place, manner, and voicing of /g/
Voiced velar stop/plosive
111
Place, manner, and voicing of /ŋ/
Voiced velar nasal
112
Place, manner, and voicing of /ʔ/
Glottal stop
113
Place, manner, and voicing of /h/
Voiceless glottal fricative
