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chemistry Flashcards

to prepare for yr 10 chemistry quiz

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1
Q

what is a chemical reaction?

A

intramolecular bonds in reactants are broken and new ones form the products

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2
Q

is change of state a chemical reaction?

A

no

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3
Q

how are intramolecular bonds formed?

A

cations (positive) and anions (negative) are opposites so they attract, forming intramolecular bonds

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4
Q

what is an atom?

A

the most basic unit of matter

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5
Q

what is the electron configuration?

A

2, 8, 8…

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6
Q

list the features of a proton

A

positive, mass of 1 amu, located in nucleus

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7
Q

list the features of a neutron

A

no charge, mass of 1 amu, located in nucleus

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8
Q

list the features of an electron

A

negative charge, 1/1840, located in electron cloud

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9
Q

what is the difference between atomic mass and atomic number?

A

atomic mass is the number of protons + neutrons. atomic number is the protons, it determines the element.

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10
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

metal + non-metal(s)

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11
Q

how do you name an ionic chemical?

A
  1. name element/group that comes first (metal)
  2. a) if there’s only one other element, change the ending of it to ‘ide’
    b) if there are more than one, check the
    name for the polyatomic group
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12
Q

what is CO3?

A

carbonate

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13
Q

what is OH?

A

hydroxide

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14
Q

what is NO3?

A

nitrate

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15
Q

what is SO4?

A

sulphate

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16
Q

what is PO4?

A

phosphate

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17
Q

what is NH4?

A

ammonium

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18
Q

what is the polyatomic group for carbonate?

A

CO3

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19
Q

what is the polyatomic group for hydroxide?

A

OH

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20
Q

what is the polyatomic group for nitrate?

A

NO3

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21
Q

what is the polyatomic group for sulphate?

A

SO4

22
Q

what is the polyatomic group for phosphate?

A

PO4

23
Q

what is the polyatomic group for ammonium?

A

NH4

24
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

non-metals

25
Q

how do you name covalent chemicals?

A
  1. remove the ending of the 2nd element and add ‘ide’. Use the prefixes to show the number of atoms
  2. if there’s only one atom in the first element you can drop its prefix
  3. if there are two of the same vowels in a row, you can drop one
26
Q

list the prefixes for one to ten when naming chemicals

A

mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octo, nona, deca

27
Q

What are each of these?
hepta, mono, penta, deca, di, octo, tri, hexa, tetra, nona

A

7, 1, 5, 10, 2, 8, 3, 6, 4, 9

28
Q

sodium chloride + silver nitrate -> sodium nitrate + silver chloride

A

NaCl+Ag(NO3) -> Na(NO3) + AgCl

29
Q

Iron (III) chloride + sodium hydroxide -> iron (III) hydroxide + sodium chloride

A

FeCl3 + 3Na (OH) -> Fe (OH)3 + 3NaCl

30
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

mass can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another

OR

in a chemical reaction the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants

31
Q

who created the law of conservation of mass?

A

antoine lavoisier

32
Q

what 3 things do particles need to do to collide?

A
  1. collide with eachother
  2. have enough energy
  3. have correct orientation
33
Q

how can we increase number of successful collisions? (5 ways)

A
  1. lowering volume of reaction material
  2. increasing number of available particles
  3. increasing temperature of particle mixture -> speeds them up
  4. break up particle clumps into individuals
  5. lower energy required to start a reaction using a catalyst
34
Q

what is activation energy?

A

EA: minimum energy required for a reaction to take place

35
Q

how do you represent elements in nuclide notation?

A

atomic mass on top, atomic number on bottom, element symbol next to them

36
Q

how do you represent elements in hyphenated form?

A

element name - atomic mass

37
Q

what are isotopes? (list features)

A

3 different forms of an element
same number of protons
differing numbers of neutrons
differing atomic masses

38
Q

what is nuclear radiation?

A

decay or breaking apart of an atom’s nucleus

39
Q

how is radiation measured?

A

in microsevierts using a geiger counter

39
Q

what happens if a particle has too many or too few neutrons?

A

the strong nuclear force is upset and the nucleus starts to decay until it reaches a more stable form

40
Q

what are the three types of radiation?

A

alpha, beta gamma

41
Q

list the features of alpha radiation.

A

2 protons, 2 neutrons
useful for treating cancer
4 2 He or 4 2 (alpha)
low penetrating power: can be blocked by paper

42
Q

list the features of beta radiation

A
  1. beta 2. positrons
    useful in medical imaging
  2. 0 -1e 2. 0 +1 e
    medium pentrating power: can be blocked by aluminium
43
Q

list the features of gamma radiation

A

high energy electromagnetic radiation
x-rays, sterilisation, disenfection
happens after alpha or beta decay
0 0 y
high penetrating power: can be blocked by lead

44
Q

how do you measure how long it takes for a parent isotope to turn into a daughter isotope?

A

you use half lives

45
Q

what are half lives?

A

amount of time you would need to wait for half of the atoms in the radioisotope to decay into its daughter isotope

46
Q

what happens when atomic structures change?

A

the element changes, releasing energy. some mass is loss and converted into energy

47
Q

how can elements be forced to change?

A

have one atom release its energy, making others follow (change reaction). split the atom -> splitting the nucleus. strong force compacts the two pieces of the nucleus, making a new nucleus with a low mass

48
Q

why are some elements radioactive but some are not

A

When the atoms of an element have extra neutrons or protons it creates extra energy in the nucleus and causes the atom to become unbalanced or unstable. An atom is stable if the forces among the particles that makeup the nucleus are balanced.

49
Q

why are some reactions fast and some slow?

A

If there are more molecules present, or there’s a bigger surface area on which the reaction happens, there will be more successful collisions and the reaction will go faster. Also, if the temperature is higher, more molecules will have enough energy to react, and the reaction will be faster.

collision theory!!

chemistry (1 decks)

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