Geography 1st Year Christmas Exam

Question 1

What is an earthquake?

Answer 1

A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

Question 2

True or False: Earthquakes can only occur in areas near tectonic plate boundaries.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above where an earthquake originates called?

Answer 3

Epicenter

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake is called the _____ scale.

Answer 4

Richter

Question 5

What are the primary waves generated by an earthquake called?

Answer 5

Shock waves

Question 6

Which type of volcano is characterized by gentle slopes and non-explosive eruptions?

Answer 6

Shield volcano

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of volcanic eruption? A) Effusive B) Explosive C) Erosive D) Phreatomagmatic

Answer 7

C) Erosive

Question 8

What is magma called once it reaches the Earth’s surface?

Answer 8

Lava

Question 9

True or False: All rocks are classified into three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What type of rock is formed from cooled and solidified magma?

Answer 10

Igneous rock

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Sedimentary rocks are primarily formed through _____ and _____ processes.

Answer 11

compaction; cementation

Question 12

What is the term for the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces?

Answer 12

Weathering

Question 13

Multiple Choice: What type of plate boundary is associated with the formation of mountains? A) Divergent B) Convergent C) Transform

Answer 13

B) Convergent

Question 14

What is the name of the scale used to measure the intensity of an earthquake’s shaking?

Answer 14

Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale

Question 15

True or False: Tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is a volcanic island arc?

Answer 16

A chain of volcanic islands formed at a convergent plate boundary.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The layer of the Earth that is semi-fluid and allows tectonic plates to move is called the _____.

Answer 17

asthenosphere

Question 18

What is the main gas emitted during a volcanic eruption?

Answer 18

Water vapor

Question 19

Multiple Choice: Which of the following rocks is formed from the accumulation of sediments? A) Granite B) Basalt C) Sandstone D) Gneiss

Answer 19

C) Sandstone

Question 20

What is a fault in geological terms?

Answer 20

A fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock.

Question 21

True or False: The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area with a high number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The process of molten rock becoming solid is known as _____ solidification.

Answer 22

magma

Question 23

What type of metamorphism occurs due to high pressure and temperature without the presence of magma?

Answer 23

Regional metamorphism

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which type of volcano is typically steep-sided and has explosive eruptions? A) Shield B) Cinder Cone C) Composite

Answer 24

C) Composite

Question 25

What is the term for the area where two tectonic plates slide past each other?

Answer 25

Transform boundary

Question 26

True or False: The Earth's crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 27

Intrusive rocks cool slowly beneath the surface; extrusive rocks cool quickly on the surface.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The process of rocks changing from one type to another is known as the _____ cycle.

Answer 28

rock

Question 29

What is the term for a large volcanic eruption that can eject massive amounts of ash and pyroclastic flow?

Answer 29

Plinian eruption

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary rock? A) Basalt B) Limestone C) Marble D) Pumice

Answer 30

B) Limestone

Question 31

What is the relationship between plate tectonics and earthquakes?

Answer 31

Earthquakes occur due to the movement and interaction of tectonic plates.