Anthropomorphism and scope of the gods Flashcards
What is anthropomorphism?
The attribution of human characteristics and emotions to non-human forms
From Greek: anthropos (human) + morphe (shape)
How were the Olympian gods generally presented in art and literature?
As anthropomorphic but with powers that far exceeded those of human beings
What are some visual characteristics of gods in Greek art?
Depicted in human form with:
* Limbs
* Hair
* Recognisable items of clothing (e.g., peplos)
* Size distinctions
* Attributes characterising them (e.g., Hermes with winged sandals)
What human emotions do the gods exhibit according to Homer?
Emotions such as:
* Sexual desire (Zeus)
* Anger (Poseidon)
* Grief (Demeter)
What is an example of Zeus’s human emotion?
His sexual desire leading to many relationships with mortal women
What example illustrates Poseidon’s anger?
In the Odyssey, he wishes to prevent Odysseus from getting home because he blinded his son, the Cyclops Polyphemus
What does Demeter’s grief cause in the myth?
She wanders weeping in search of Persephone, neglecting crops, leading to human starvation
In Euripides’ Bacchae, what happens to Pentheus?
He incurs Dionysus’ wrath and faces merciless punishment, affecting even his family
What is the consequence of Aphrodite’s anger in Hippolytus?
Hippolytus faces a frightful death due to his chastity, resulting in tragedy for his family
Where did the gods inhabit?
In sanctuaries or their favourite spots, such as temples and statues dedicated to them
What is an example of a god’s presence during events?
Zeus would have been present in his temple at Olympia during the Olympic Games
How were the gods depicted in terms of their relationships?
As living together in a divine society with family relationships, such as on Mount Olympus
What moral dimension did the gods possess?
They were involved in the enforcement of justice, especially overseen by Zeus
What is a key theme in the Odyssey regarding the Suitors?
Their punishment is foreshadowed due to their abuse of the code of xenia
What supernatural powers did the gods have?
They could create storms, calm winds, and were described as having immeasurable power
What does Hesiod say about Zeus’s power?
He easily makes strong, diminishes the conspicuous, and has the power to control fate
What is the key difference between gods and humans?
The gods are immortal
What does Artemis say about looking upon the dead?
It is not lawful for her to look upon the dead or defile her sight with the last breath of the dying
