Geography coasts and tectonics

Question 1

what is the Dalmatian coast?

Answer 1

Made up of offshore islands and coastal inlets running parallel to the coastline

Question 2

What is a Haff coast?

Answer 2

Long sediment ridges topped by sand dunes that run parallel to the coast. You can see lagoons which are created between the ridge and the shore.

Question 3

what are deformed strata

Answer 3

The degree to which rock units have been tilted or folded by tectonic activity

Question 4

what is faulting?

Answer 4

The presence of major fractures that have moved rocks from their original positions

Question 5

5 key points about tectonic hazard situation

Answer 5

• Concentrated along tectonic plate boundaries
• Ring of fire
• Types of hazard vary by the boundary
• Intraplate hazards
• Tsunamis

Question 6

What is Tomography?

Answer 6

CAT scans of the lithosphere

Question 7

What is the new theory of slab pull?

Answer 7

The plates are pulled down through gravitational sliding

Question 8

What was the old theory of slab pull?

Answer 8

The heat generated from convection isn’t enough to pull the plates

Question 9

What is ridge push

Answer 9

Newly formed oceanic crust at mid ocean ridges become denser and thicker as it cools. This causes it to sink under its own weight-pulling the rest of the plate down with it

Question 10

what is a rift valley and what plate boundary is it formed at?

Answer 10

where plates move apart on continents the crust stretches and breaks to form faults formed at a divergant plate boundary

Question 11

3 types of destructive/convergent boundary

Answer 11

1) when the oceanic plate sides beneath the continental plate because it is denser
2) when 2 oceanic plates meet and one subducts
3) when 2 continental plates meet and form high fold mountains

Question 12

what forms at collision boundaries?

Answer 12

fold mountains

Question 13

what can form at conservative plate boundaries?

Answer 13

faults

Question 14

2 examples of intraplate earthquakes

Answer 14

Rhine Rift Valley
African Rift Valley

Question 15

how are volcanic hotspots formed?

Answer 15

Magma upwells from the core and forms volcanic hotspots such as the yellowstone hotspot on the N. American plate

Question 16

What is a mantle plume?

Answer 16

A stationary upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth’s mantle

Question 17

What is a hotspot

Answer 17

The place where the plume melts the mantle such as Hawaii

Question 18

The Yellowstone Caldera chain

Answer 18

the current caldera is the most recent in a series of eruptions that span over millions of years.
The N. American plate is moving west over a stationary hotspot.
As the plate moves, the hotspot produces an enormous eruption every few million years.
This causes a chain of rhyolitic calderas

Question 19

What is a caldera?

Answer 19

A large depression formed when a volcano erupts and collapses

Question 20

what are 4 secondary impacts of an earthquake?

Answer 20

Tsunami’s
Fires
Aftershocks
Landslides

Question 21

What is paleomagnetism?

Answer 21

the record of the strength and direction of the Earth’s magnetic field in rocks

Question 22

What is sea floor spreading?

Answer 22

A geological process in which tectonic plates split apart and new ocean floor is created

Question 23

what are the 4 different types of seismic wave?

Answer 23

S waves - can only travel through solids
Love waves - only travel through the solid parts of the earth’s surface
Rayleigh waves - surface waves that travel near the surface of solids.
P waves - can pass through the liquid outer core

Question 24

What is subduction?

Answer 24

The sideways and downwards motion of the edge of a plate into the mantle beneath another plate. When enough mass has moved past the force arc it would begin to fall (gravity)

Question 25

What is a locked fault?

Answer 25

a fault that is not slipping because frictional resistance on the fault us greater than the shear stress of the fault

Question 26

who spotted that the plates used to fit together?

Answer 26

Abraham Ortelius

Question 27

who spotted that there were 2 layers in the mantle?

Answer 27

Dan Mackenzie

Question 28

Who spotted continental drift?

Answer 28

Alfred Wegener

Question 29

properties of the Hawaiian eruptions?

Answer 29

Fluid lava flows from a volcano’s summit and radical fissures form shield volcanoes

Question 30

properties of the Strombolian eruptions?

Answer 30

Moderate bursts of expanding gases that eject clots of incandescent lava in cyclical small eruptions

Question 31

properties of Vulcanian eruptions?

Answer 31

Moderate explosions of gas laden with volcanic ash this mixture forms dark turbulent eruption clouds

Question 32

properties of the Pelean eruption?

Answer 32

intensely violent
mount vesuvius in 29 AD
gas rich magma generates enormous and nearly continuous jetting blasts

Question 33

properties of the Plinian eruptions?

Answer 33

Generate pyroclastic flow at a high velocity - extremely dangerous

Question 34

properties of the icelandic eruptions?

Answer 34

effusions of basaltic lava

Question 35

what makes magma more viscous?

Answer 35

Crystals make it more likely to explode then flow

Question 36

What index is used to describe and compare the size or magnitude of volcanic eruptuons?

Answer 36

VEI (Volcanic Eruption Index)
uses a scale from 0 - not explosive to 8 - extremely

Question 37

what are the several factors that the VEI uses to assign a number?

Answer 37

The amount and height of the volcanic material ejected

How long the eruption lasts

Qualitative description terms