Epistemology

Question 1

Ability knowledge

Answer 1

Knowledge how e.g. I know how to ride a bike

Question 2

Acquaintance knowledge

Answer 2

Knowledge of/who e.g I know Lana very well

Question 3

Propositional knowledge

Answer 3

Knowledge that e.g. I know that Paris is the capital of France

Question 4

Tripartite view

Answer 4

S knows that p iff:
iv. S believes that p
v. p is true
vi. S is justified in believing that p is true

Question 5

Justification isn’t necessary

Answer 5

Children and animals seen to be able to have knowledge even though their beliefs are not justified

Question 6

Truth isn’t necessary

Answer 6

Someone thousands of years ago believing that the earth is flat

Question 7

Belief isn’t necessary

Answer 7

Fred doesn’t have any beliefs about the answers to the questions on his history test. Certain answers seem right, so he puts them down. He gets full marks

Question 8

Justified true belief isn’t sufficient

Answer 8

Smith has a true belief that ‘the person who will get the job has 10 coins in their pocket’ because he infers it from his justified false belief that ‘Jones will get the job and has 10 coins in his pocket’

Question 9

Infallibilism

Answer 9

S knows that p iff:
iv. S believe that p
v. P is true
vi. S cannot be in error about p

Question 10

No false lemmas

Answer 10

S knows that p iff:
v. S believes that p
vi. P is true
vii. S is justified in believing that p is true
viii. P is not inferred from any false beliefs

Question 11

Reliabilism

Answer 11

S knows that p iff:
iv. S believes that p
V. P is true
vi. S’s belief that p is produced by a reliable process

Question 12

Virtue epistemology

Answer 12

S knows that p iff:
iv. S’s belief that p is accurate (true)
v. S’s belief that p is adroit (skilful)
vi. S’s belief that p is apt (accurate because it is adroit)

Question 13

Adroit meaning

Answer 13

Clever and skilful

Question 14

Apt meaning

Answer 14

A belief is apt if it is accurate because it is skilful