Lower limb 3: Distal neurovasculature, ankle and foot

Question 1

Which 2 veins make up the superficial venous system of the lower limb?

Answer 1

Small saphenous vein
Great saphenous vein

Question 2

The small saphenous vein drains into where?

Answer 2

Popliteal vein

Question 3

The great saphenous vein drains into where?

Answer 3

Femoral vein

Question 4

In the lower limb, the small saphenous vein is accompanied by which nerve?

Answer 4

Sural nerve

Question 5

In the lower limb, the great saphenous vein is accompanied by which nerve?

Answer 5

Saphenous nerve

Question 6

Describe the location of the small saphenous vein in relation to the lateral malleolus.

Answer 6

Passes posterior to the lateral malleolus

Question 7

Describe the location of the great saphenous vein in relation to the medial malleolus.

Answer 7

Passes anterior to the medial malleolus

Question 8

Where do the saphenous veins originate from in the lower limb?

Answer 8

Dorsal venous arch of the foot

Question 9

Describe the anatomical location of the great saphenous vein in relation to the patella.

Answer 9

Passes 7-10cm posterior to the patella on the medial side of the knee

Question 10

The deep venous plexus of the lower limb is located between which 2 muscles?

Which compartment?

Answer 10

Gastrocnemius
Soleus

Posterior

Question 11

Which nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the lateral leg and foot?

Answer 11

Sural nerve

Question 12

Damage to which nerve would cause an inability to resist foot inversion?

Answer 12

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 13

Damage to which nerve causes foot-drop?

Answer 13

Deep fibular nerve

Question 14

Which nerve innervates the webspace between toes 1 and 2

Answer 14

Deep fibular nerve

Question 15

Which nerve passes into the foot via the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 15

Tibial nerve

Question 16

The tibial nerve passes through which structure to enter the foot?

Answer 16

Tarsal tunnel

Question 17

The fibular artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 17

Posterior tibial artery

Question 18

Which artery passes through the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 18

Posterior tibial artery

Question 19

Dorsalis pedis gives off which key artery?

Answer 19

Arcuate artery

Question 20

Dorsalis pedis connects with what arteries to form an anastomoses?

Answer 20

Deep plantar arch

Question 21

A supracondylar femur fracture puts which artery at risk?

Answer 21

Popliteal artery

Question 22

The tarsal tunnel is located between which 2 bones?

Answer 22

Medial malleolus
Calcaneus

Question 23

What forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 23

Flexor retinaculum

Question 24

What are the 6 structures which run through the tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior?

Answer 24

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus

Question 25

The dorsalis pedis artery is located between which 2 tendons?

Answer 25

Extensor hallucis longus (medial) Extensor digitorum longus (lateral)

Question 26

Blood supply to the dorsal surface of the foot is mainly from which artery?

Answer 26

Anterior tibial artery / dorsalis pedis

Question 27

What are the 4 ligaments of the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament of the ankle?

Answer 27

Anterior tibiotalar ligament Tibionavicular ligament Tibiocalcaneal ligament Posterior tibiotalar ligament

Question 28

What are the 3 ligaments of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?

Answer 28

Anterior talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament

Question 29

What is the most commonly injured ligament of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?

Answer 29

Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 30

What movement would cause damage to the anterior talofibular ligament?

Answer 30

Excess foot inversion

Question 31

Where does the fibularis brevis muscle attach?

Answer 31

Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Question 32

What muscle attaches to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal?

Answer 32

Fibularis brevis

Question 33

Which procedure is used to anaesthetise the nail bed? Which structures are injected to achieve this?

Answer 33

Wing block Nail folds

Question 34

Which nerve innervates the majority of the plantar foot?

Answer 34

Tibial nerve

Question 35

Which nerve innervates the majority of the dorsal foot? Which other nerve contributes and which area of the foot does it innervate?

Answer 35

Common fibular nerve Saphenous nerve - medial dorsal foot

Question 36

Which 2 ligaments support the longitudinal arch of the foot?

Answer 36

Long + short plantar ligaments

Question 37

Which structure in the foot limits the movement of the skin covering the plantar foot?

Answer 37

Plantar aponeurosis

Question 38

Plantar fasciitis pain is exacerbated but which 2 things?

Answer 38

Passive digit dorsiflexion Pressure over the medial calcaneal tubercle

Question 39

Weakness or paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the feet can lead to which 2 things?

Answer 39

Collapse of the arches of the foot Inefficient gait

Question 40

The tendons passing into the dorsal foot pass underneath which 2 structures?

Answer 40

Superior + inferior extensor retinacula

Question 41

Blood supply to the dorsal foot primarily comes from which artery?

Answer 41

Anterior tibial artery

Question 42

On the dorsal foot, the anterior tibial artery becomes which artery?

Answer 42

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 43

The dorsalis pedis artery is located lateral to the tendon of which muscle?

Answer 43

Extensor hallicus longus

Question 44

The digital arteries on the dorsal foot branch off from which artery?

Answer 44

Arcuate artery

Question 45

Blood supply to the plantar foot primarily comes from which artery?

Answer 45

Posterior tibial artery

Question 46

When the posterior tibial artery enters the plantar foot, it splits into which 2 arteries?

Answer 46

Medial plantar artery Lateral plantar artery

Question 47

The lateral plantar artery gives off which artery?

Answer 47

Deep plantar arch

Question 48

The digital arteries on the plantar foot branch off from which artery?

Answer 48

Deep plantar arch

Question 49

Which artery gives off the deep plantar arch?

Answer 49

Lateral plantar artery

Question 50

Describe the cutaneous nerve supply to the dorsal foot.

Answer 50

Primarily superficial fibular nerve Deep fibular nerve covers dorsal webspaces between digits 1 + 2

Question 51

Describe the cutaneous nerve supply to the plantar foot.

Answer 51

Medial plantar nerve Lateral plantar nerve

Question 52

A Morton's neuroma is located on a digital nerve between which digits?

Answer 52

Digits 3 + 4