Development

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

The process of change that affects/ improves people‘s quality of life

Question 2

What are the factors of the Human Development Index?

Answer 2

Life expectancy
Mean years of schooling + literacy rate
GDP per Capita

Question 3

What is fertility rate?

Answer 3

The average number of briths per woman

Question 4

What is infant mortality rate?

Answer 4

The number of children who die before their 1st birthday

Question 5

What is GDP?

Answer 5

Total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year

Question 6

What is death rate?

Answer 6

The number of deaths per 1000 people annually

Question 7

What are the five stages of Rostow’s Modernisation Theory?

Answer 7

Traditional society (subsistence farming)

Pre-conditions to take-off (commercial agriculture)

Take-off - Industrial Revolution causes rapid growth

Drive to maturity - range of industries become established, earlier industries decline

Age of mass consumption - rapid growth in tertiary sector to produce consumer goods

Question 8

What does Rostow’s model suggest?

Answer 8

All countries will develop in the same way over time

Question 9

What are the criticisms of the Rostow model?

Answer 9

Suggests there is only one capitalist path to development
Describes how they develop without explanation
Does not address structure in current global economy which disadvantage developing nations
Implies that age of mass consumption is a desirable goal

Question 10

What is Top Down development?

Answer 10

Large-scale projects focused on driving economic development
Try to boost tourism and start multiplier effects for regions without the say of locals

Question 11

What are the advantages of top down development?

Answer 11

Lot of funding
Creates jobs
Improves trade and travel
Enhances country’s global reputation
Attracts investment

Question 12

What are the disadvantages of top down development?

Answer 12

Don’t meet the needs of people
Locals aren’t highly involved in decision making
Uneven benefits

Question 13

What is neo-liberalism?

Answer 13

Government has limited control of the economy

Question 14

What is Frank’s model?

Answer 14

A core of countries that manipulate world trade
Periphery of countries that produce them but are poorer
Semi-periphery that are in the middle

Question 15

What were Frank’s ideas?

Answer 15

Critical of capitalism
Critical of importing raw material
Critical of world trade as it only benefits rich countries

Question 16

What are criticisms of Frank’s model?

Answer 16

Not all colonised countries remained poor (Singapore)
Some socialist countries are still poor (Cuba)
Trade can benefit some countries (South Korea)

Question 17

What are bottom up projects?

Answer 17

Small-scale projects targeted to benefit local communities

Question 18

What are the advantages of bottom-up projects?

Answer 18

Tailored to specific needs of locals
Sustainable to maintain
Good for environment
Doesn’t cost that much

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of bottom-up projects?

Answer 19

Not easily transferable to the needs of people in different environments
Doesn’t have a wide impact

Question 20

What is neo-colonialism?

Answer 20

When wealthier countries take resources from poorer countries

Question 21

What is topography?

Answer 21

Landscape of a region

Question 22

Explain one way in which systems of governance can cause inequality?

Answer 22

Political views may not prioritise distribution of wealth, making collective development more difficult